{"id":8924,"date":"2018-03-25T17:43:47","date_gmt":"2018-03-25T17:43:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/?p=8924"},"modified":"2018-03-25T17:43:47","modified_gmt":"2018-03-25T17:43:47","slug":"civil-a-palyan-a-vilmos-csaszar-utolso-csataja","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2018\/03\/25\/civil-a-palyan-a-vilmos-csaszar-utolso-csataja\/","title":{"rendered":"Civil a p\u00e1ly\u00e1n! &#8211; A Vilmos cs\u00e1sz\u00e1r utols\u00f3 csat\u00e1ja"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ha az ember a &#8222;tengeri csata&#8221; kifejez\u00e9st hallja, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban hatalmas vitorl\u00e1sokra vagy csatahaj\u00f3kra gondol, amelyek b\u0151szen igyekeznek az ellens\u00e9g hasonl\u00f3 egys\u00e9geib\u0151l min\u00e9l t\u00f6bbet a tengerfen\u00e9kre k\u00fcldeni. Nagy vonalakban ez stimmel is, viszont voltak olyan korszakok-helyzetek, amikor civilek, teher \u00e9s\/vagy utassz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 haj\u00f3k is a p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra ker\u00fcltek. A felfegyverzett kereskedelmi haj\u00f3 \u00e9vsz\u00e1zados m\u00faltra tekint vissza, el\u00e9g csak az east-indiaman-ekre gondolni, amelyeket a k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le gyarmat\u00e1r\u00fa mellett nagyobb sz\u00e1m\u00fa l\u00f6veggel is megpakoltak, hogy ezzel is elej\u00e9t vegy\u00e9k a kal\u00f3zok\/konkurens hadihaj\u00f3k (sokszor nem volt \u00e9les hat\u00e1rvonal) t\u00e1mad\u00e1sainak. A j\u00f3l elk\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edthet\u0151 hadi \u00e9s kereskedelmi haj\u00f3t\u00edpusok kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1val a m\u00f3dszer egy id\u0151re feled\u00e9sbe mer\u00fclt, hogy azt\u00e1n ann\u00e1l l\u00e1tv\u00e1nyosabban t\u00e9rjen vissza a Nagy H\u00e1bor\u00fa idej\u00e9n.<\/p>\n<div class='code-block code-block-1' style='text-align: center; margin: 13px auto;'>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- oldalhirdet\u00e9s -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7971303320192828\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"5518896799\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A haj\u00f3\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s dr\u00e1ga dolog, ezt a tengeri n\u00e9pek tudj\u00e1k a legjobban, \u00edgy nem meglep\u0151, hogy legt\u00f6bbj\u00fck m\u00e1r az els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa el\u0151tt is arra k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, hogy sz\u00fcks\u00e9g eset\u00e9n civil haj\u00f3kat &#8222;vonultasson be&#8221; flott\u00e1j\u00e1ba, \u00fagynevezett seg\u00e9dcirk\u00e1l\u00f3k\u00e9nt. Nagy-Britanni\u00e1ban p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul \u00e1llami t\u00e1mogat\u00e1st kaptak azon haj\u00f3z\u00e1si v\u00e1llalatok, amelyek haditenger\u00e9szeti szabv\u00e1nyok szerint \u00e9p\u00edtett\u00e9k j\u00e1rm\u0171veiket, amelyeket h\u00e1bor\u00fa eset\u00e9n j\u00f3form\u00e1n automatikusan beh\u00fazott a Royal Navy. Erre j\u00f3 p\u00e9lda a Lusitania, amelyet 1907-ben m\u00e1r eleve \u00fagy \u00e9p\u00edtettek, hogy ig\u00e9ny szerint 6 darab 150 mm-es l\u00f6veget (teh\u00e1t egy kisebb cirk\u00e1l\u00f3 fegyverzet\u00e9t) r\u00e1 lehessen hebreg\u00e1lni. A Lusitani\u00e1r\u00f3l annak 1915-\u00f6s els\u00fcllyeszt\u00e9se ut\u00e1n \u00edrt a Pesti Napl\u00f3, kiemelve, hogy eleve hadi haszn\u00e1latra (is) tervezt\u00e9k, \u00e9s a cikkben sz\u00f3 esik mai c\u00edmszerepl\u0151nkr\u0151l \u00e9s annak testv\u00e9rhaj\u00f3j\u00e1r\u00f3l is.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"57.59801448040884\">&#8222;Hogy <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"23.118790885860307\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"100.698417802385\">Lusitani\u00e1t <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"91.49958347529812\">testv\u00e9rhaj\u00f3j<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"38.945298551959105\">\u00e1val <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"59.949039608177166\">egy\u00fctt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"26.64193441226575\">az <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"70.13703066439523\">angolok <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"40.35743292163543\">m\u00e1r <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"86.67421188245315\">eredetileg <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"67.98593803236797\">seg\u00e9dcir<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"72.48837904599658\">k\u00e1l\u00f3nak <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"83.06621422487223\">\u00e9p\u00edtett\u00e9k, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"67.39325212947188\">kit\u0171nik <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"40.35743292163543\">m\u00e1r <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"71.7752810902896\">abb\u00f3l <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"20.789908645655874\">is, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"36.412604770017026\">hegy<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"16.455236371379897\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"41.92375936967631\">haj\u00f3 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"43.09878705281089\">mint <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"103.4412265758092\">seg\u00e9dcirk\u00e1l\u00f3 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.387329216354342\">f\u00f6l <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"40.05729173764905\">van <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"35.03780621805792\">v\u00e9ve <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"27.428572614991477\">az <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"57.20461456558772\">\u00f6sszes <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"162.34534816865417\">haditenger\u00e9szeti <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"110.43999531516182\">szakk\u00f6nyvekbe, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"25.076092844974443\">\u00e9p \u00fa<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"36.831541737649054\">gy <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"68.17714267461668\">p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"44.27575425894377\">mint <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"26.641772785349236\">fel <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"57.20623083475297\">voltak <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"41.92375936967632\">v\u00e9ve <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"17.718835604770018\">a <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"33.50024936115843\">Kai<\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"28.212301533219758\">ser <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"73.27194633730834\">Wilhelm <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"30.953009156729127\">der <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"50.765236584327084\">Grosse<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"21.158741269165244\">\u00e9s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"16.06539224872232\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"89.96477427597954\">Kronprinz <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"33.74139672061328\">Wil<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"45.05996805792162\">helm <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"53.67920826235093\">n\u00e9met <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"114.41213841567291\">seg\u00e9dcirk\u00e1l\u00f3k <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"25.076254471890966\">is, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"77.74836541737649\">amelyek, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"38.99378662691652\">mint <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"86.20193803236795\">ismeretes, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"34.08808645655877\">oly <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"35.65699893526405\">sok <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"52.50515034071549\">angol <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"25.076577725724018\">\u00e9s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"41.98372295570698\">m\u00e1s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"79.70793015332195\">ellens\u00e9ges <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"110.49527172061327\">kereskedelmi <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"58.77191077512776\">g\u0151z\u00f6st <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"67.39357538330493\">k\u00fcldtek <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"18.024310477001702\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"58.564381814310046\">tenger <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"37.71370144804088\">fene<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"48.19342908858602\">k\u00e9re. <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"26.6448436967632\">A <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"97.1723649914821\">Lusitani\u00e1n <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"42.70748828790459\">m\u00e1r <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"74.32963287904599\">b\u00e9k\u00e9ben <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"60.740526618398626\">\u00e9szreve<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"45.05802853492333\">hette <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"15.672638841567288\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"92.47031473594546\">szakember, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.38684433560477\">s\u0151t <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"38.00721592844974\">m\u00e9g <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"15.28150170357751\">a, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"53.68001639693356\">laikus <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"25.066071976149914\">is, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"41.26820059625212\">hogy <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"17.245591993185688\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"42.31651277683134\">haj\u00f3 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"92.07917759795569\">egyn\u00e9h\u00e1ny <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"32.523053023850075\">\u00f3ra <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"43.88300085178875\">alatt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"97.11999787052811\">hadihaj\u00f3v\u00e1 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"26.892294505962518\">v\u00e1l<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"85.8088613713799\">toztathat\u00f3 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"17.778314310051105\">\u00e1t.<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"108.53603023850086\">Fed\u00e9lzet\u00e9nek <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"40.750347955706985\">t\u00f6bb <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"56.96508347529812\">r\u00e9sz\u00e9n <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"30.69327470187393\">vas<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"31.739324105621805\">tag <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"98.34739267461667\">ac\u00e9llemezek <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"52.429832197614985\">m\u00f6g\u00f6tt<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"53.679693143100515\">f\u00e9lk\u00f6r <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"54.124652044293\">alak\u00fa <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"51.86494612436114\">p\u00e1nc\u00e9l<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"80.32292057069846\">lemezek <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"63.47379940374786\">voltak, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"8.64704003407155\">a<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.976405451448038\">15<\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"73.38411541737648\">cm-es <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"85.50193185689947\">gyorst\u00fczel\u0151<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"55.246666098807495\">\u00e1gy\u00fak (sic!)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"97.52131750425893\">alapzataik\u00e9nt,<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"36.44040459965928\">lent, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"15.672638841567288\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"86.2864689097104\">rakt\u00e1rban <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"46.09987563884156\">pedig <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"17.453767461669507\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"99.9145272572402\">beavatottak <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"71.70287223168653\">sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"71.3120583475298\">l\u00e1that\u00f3k <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"47.20314097103917\">voltak<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"16.43099233390119\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"18.24525447189097\">le<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"59.16466418228279\">szerelt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"60.73066737649062\">\u00e1gyuk, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"72.48837904599658\">amelyek <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"35.26586179727427\">p\u00e1r <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"33.305327299829635\">\u00f3ra <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"48.618669505962515\">alatt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"44.67060881601362\">daruk <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"102.65798253833049\">seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"18.806908006814307\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"86.59259028960817\">fed\u00e9lzetre <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"49.94530323679726\">vihet\u0151k<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"26.09482729982964\">\u00e9s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"48.47449829642248\">f\u00f6lsze<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"70.81505557921635\">relhet\u0151k.&#8221;[1]<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<figure style=\"width: 590px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/14\/USS_Saint_Paul_%28SP-1643%29.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"590\" height=\"648\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Az amerikai Saint Paul, ami k\u00e9t h\u00e1bor\u00faban is seg\u00e9dcirk\u00e1l\u00f3k\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lt. L\u00e1that\u00f3 egyik 130 mm-es \u00e9s egy 57 mm-es l\u00f6vege is. (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:USS_Saint_Paul_(SP-1643).jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A hatalmas \u00f3ce\u00e1nj\u00e1r\u00f3kat persze nem az els\u0151 vonalban akart\u00e1k bevetni, hanem csapat- \u00e9s hadianyag-sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1sra, a fegyverzet arra szolg\u00e1lt, hogy sz\u00fcks\u00e9g eset\u00e9n kisebb haj\u00f3kat fogjanak el, illetve kedv\u00e9t szegj\u00e9k az ellens\u00e9g direkt kereskedelmi haj\u00f3kat fosztogat\u00f3 egys\u00e9geinek. K\u00e9s\u0151bb j\u00f6tt ehhez a tengeralattj\u00e1r\u00f3k jelentette vesz\u00e9ly: mivel a b\u00fav\u00e1rnasz\u00e1dok eleinte &#8222;\u00fariemberk\u00e9nt&#8221;, a felsz\u00ednr\u0151l, \u00e9s a haj\u00f3t felsz\u00f3l\u00edtva, a szem\u00e9lyzetnek menek\u00fcl\u00e9si id\u0151t hagyva t\u00e1madtak, a l\u00f6vegek j\u00f3l j\u00f6hettek ekkor is. A kereskedelmi haj\u00f3k felfegyverz\u00e9se ugyanakkor el\u00e9g komoly lavin\u00e1t ind\u00edtott el, f\u0151leg, hogy nem egyszer semleges orsz\u00e1gok z\u00e1szl\u00f3ja alatt haj\u00f3ztak. A n\u00e9metek r\u00e9szben emiatt t\u00e9rtek \u00e1t a korl\u00e1tlan tengeralattj\u00e1r\u00f3-h\u00e1bor\u00fara, az angolok pedig az \u00fagynevezett Q-haj\u00f3kat, vagyis rejtett fegyverzettel ell\u00e1tott kereskedelmi haj\u00f3kat vetettek be, az els\u00fcllyesztett tengeralattj\u00e1r\u00f3k t\u00fal\u00e9l\u0151ire pedig t\u0171zparancs volt \u00e9rv\u00e9nyben.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Term\u00e9szetesen a n\u00e9metek (\u00e9s a franci\u00e1k) sem maradtak le a seg\u00e9dcirk\u00e1l\u00f3k ter\u00e9n, f\u0151leg, hogy mindk\u00e9t \u00e1llam tengeri hadvisel\u00e9s\u00e9nek fontos r\u00e9sz\u00e9t k\u00e9pezte az ellens\u00e9ges kereskedelmi haj\u00f3k elleni tev\u00e9kenys\u00e9g (commerce raiding). Ezt persze az is indokolta, hogy az ehhez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges cirk\u00e1l\u00f3k j\u00f3val olcs\u00f3bbak voltak a csatahaj\u00f3kn\u00e1l. A franci\u00e1k el\u00e9g hamar visszavettek ebb\u0151l a strat\u00e9gi\u00e1b\u00f3l, a vil\u00e1gtengereken szanasz\u00e9t \u00e1llom\u00e1soz\u00f3 n\u00e9met cirk\u00e1l\u00f3k\u00f6tel\u00e9kek viszont el\u00e9g sok fejt\u00f6r\u00e9st okoztak a brit admiralit\u00e1snak a h\u00e1bor\u00fa elej\u00e9n. Id\u0151vel persze \u00e9rv\u00e9nyes\u00fclt az angol f\u00f6l\u00e9ny, \u00e9s a mag\u00e1nyos, vagy kis csoportokban m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 cirk\u00e1l\u00f3kat sarokba szor\u00edtott\u00e1k, sikereik ugyanakkor vitathatatlanok. Mivel N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g nem rendelkezett a brithez hasonl\u00f3 t\u00e1maszpont-rendszerrel, a haj\u00f3ikat \u00e9s tengeralattj\u00e1r\u00f3ikat ell\u00e1t\u00f3, ugyanakkor semleges kik\u00f6t\u0151kbe (pap\u00edron) ki-be k\u00f6zleked\u0151 teherhaj\u00f3ik k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen fontos szerephez jutottak. Miut\u00e1n az angol blok\u00e1d miatt ezek hazat\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9re am\u00fagy sem volt sok es\u00e9ly, igyekeztek mindegyikb\u0151l a maxim\u00e1lis teljes\u00edtm\u00e9nyt kisajtolni. A cirk\u00e1l\u00f3k mellett a felfegyverzett gyors utassz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3knak is jutott &#8222;commerce raider&#8221; feladat; mai f\u0151szerepl\u0151nk, a Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse is ilyen feladattal futott ki utols\u00f3 k\u00fcldet\u00e9s\u00e9re.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse: Fast German Liner of the Atlantic\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/EDa6kQeDXMI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse (a tov\u00e1bbiakban KWG, nev\u00e9t I. Vilmosr\u00f3l, a N\u00e9met Cs\u00e1sz\u00e1rs\u00e1g alap\u00edt\u00f3j\u00e1r\u00f3l kapta) 1897-ben \u00e1llt szolg\u00e1latba, \u00e9s m\u00e1r azzal kiakasztotta a briteket, hogy a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 \u00e9v m\u00e1rcius\u00e1ban elnyerte a leggyorsabb Atlanti-\u00f3ce\u00e1ni \u00e1tkel\u00e9s\u00e9rt j\u00e1r\u00f3 K\u00e9k Szalagot. F\u00e9nykor\u00e1ban 1506 utast sz\u00e1ll\u00edthatott, akik k\u00e9nyelm\u00e9r\u0151l 488 f\u0151s leg\u00e9nys\u00e9g gondoskodott. A 200 m\u00e9ter hossz\u00fa, 24 700 tonna v\u00edzkiszor\u00edt\u00e1s\u00fa \u00f3ri\u00e1s emellett n\u00e9gyk\u00e9m\u00e9nyes fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l \u00e9s elk\u00e9peszt\u0151 luxus\u00e1r\u00f3l is h\u00edres volt, b\u00e1r ut\u00f3bbit jelent\u0151sen megnyirb\u00e1lt\u00e1k, amikor \u00fagy alak\u00edtott\u00e1k \u00e1t, hogy csak harmadoszt\u00e1ly\u00fa utasokat sz\u00e1ll\u00edthasson. A kiv\u00e1ndorl\u00e1si hull\u00e1m cs\u00facs\u00e1n ebben igencsak volt logika, m\u00e9ghozz\u00e1 a ma is ismert &#8222;legkisebb is sz\u00e1m\u00edt&#8221; elv miatt.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 798px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/58\/First_Class_Restaurant_of_the_SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_der_Grosse.jpg\/798px-First_Class_Restaurant_of_the_SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_der_Grosse.jpg\" alt=\"File:First Class Restaurant of the SS Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse.jpg\" width=\"798\" height=\"599\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A KWG els\u0151 oszt\u00e1ly\u00fa \u00e9tterme (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:First_Class_Restaurant_of_the_SS_Kaiser_Wilhelm_der_Grosse.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Az 1900-as \u00e9vek m\u00e1sodik fel\u00e9re m\u00e1r igencsak a leveg\u0151ben l\u00f3gott nagyszab\u00e1s\u00fa eur\u00f3pai h\u00e1bor\u00fa, \u00edgy 1908-ban a KWG-t is \u00e1talak\u00edtott\u00e1k, hogy fegyverzetet &#8211; 4 darab 105 mm-es \u00e9s 2 darab 37 mm-es l\u00f6veg &#8211; hordozhasson. 1914 j\u00fanius\u00e1ban azt\u00e1n Szarajev\u00f3ban eld\u00f6rd\u00fcltek azok a bizonyos pisztolyl\u00f6v\u00e9sek, hamarosan pedig az eg\u00e9sz \u00f6reg kontinens hadban \u00e1llt. A KWG-t ekkor felfegyverezt\u00e9k, sz\u00fcrke \u00e1lcafest\u00e9st is kapott, majd kik\u00fcldt\u00e9k az Atlanti-\u00f3ce\u00e1nra, hogy s\u00fcllyesszen el min\u00e9l t\u00f6bb ellens\u00e9ges sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3haj\u00f3t. H\u00e1rmat el\u00e9g gyorsan a tenger fenek\u00e9re k\u00fcld\u00f6tt, de csak miut\u00e1n szem\u00e9lyzet\u00fck \u00e1tsz\u00e1llt a n\u00e9met haj\u00f3ra. A KWG parancsnoka, Max Reymann kapit\u00e1ny ugyanakkor k\u00e9t utassz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3t elengedett, mert azokon nagy sz\u00e1m\u00fa n\u0151 \u00e9s gyerek utazott. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en viszont sz\u00e9nre volt sz\u00fcks\u00e9ge, ami\u00e9rt Afrika nyugati partjaihoz ment, ahol n\u00e9met \u00e9s osztr\u00e1k-magyar sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3haj\u00f3k v\u00e1rt\u00e1k. A tal\u00e1lkoz\u00f3ra a mai Nyugat-Szahar\u00e1ban l\u00e9v\u0151 Rio de Oro, m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven Villa Cisnerosn\u00e1l ker\u00fclt sor. Augusztus 26-\u00e1n m\u00e9g nagyban zajlott a szenel\u00e9s, amikor megjelent a sz\u00ednen a brit Highflyer cirk\u00e1l\u00f3.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.devonremembers.co.uk\/_assets\/beer%20pics\/hms%20highflyer%20%C2%A9%20iwm%20(q%2075385).jpg\" alt=\"Image result for hms highflyer\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Highflyer cirk\u00e1l\u00f3; k\u00e9s\u0151bb kis h\u00edj\u00e1n elkapta a KWG testv\u00e9rhaj\u00f3j\u00e1t is. Imperial War Museum\u00a0Q 75385<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Azt mondani sem kell, hogy a szenel\u00e9st v\u00e9gz\u0151 g\u0151zhaj\u00f3 mennyire sebezhet\u0151, J\u00f3zsef Attil\u00e1val sz\u00f3lva pont <em>&#8222;mint amilyen gy\u00e1moltalan a sz\u00fcks\u00e9g\u00e9t v\u00e9gz\u0151 vad\u00e1llat.&#8221;<\/em> B\u00e1r a n\u00e9metek egy pillanatra elgondolkoztak a megad\u00e1son, de v\u00e9g\u00fcl Reymann kapit\u00e1ny \u00fagy d\u00f6nt\u00f6tt, hogy partra teszi a foglyokat \u00e9s ki\u00e1ll 1 v. 1-ben a j\u00f3val er\u0151sebb cirk\u00e1l\u00f3val. Emellett azt is nehezm\u00e9nyezte, hogy a brit hadihaj\u00f3 megs\u00e9rtette a spanyol fennhat\u00f3s\u00e1g alatt \u00e1ll\u00f3 ter\u00fclet semlegess\u00e9g\u00e9t. B\u00e1r az 1899-ben szolg\u00e1latba \u00e1ll\u00edtott Highflyer nem sz\u00e1m\u00edtott mai csirk\u00e9nek, 11 darab 152 mm-es, 8 darab 76 mm-es \u00e9s 6 darab 47 mm-es l\u00f6veg\u00e9vel, valamint k\u00e9t torped\u00f3vet\u0151j\u00e9vel igencsak t\u00faler\u0151ben volt a n\u00e9met haj\u00f3val szemben, nem besz\u00e9lve a p\u00e1nc\u00e9lzat\u00e1r\u00f3l. Ennek megfelel\u0151en alaposan \u00f6ssze is l\u00f6v\u00f6ld\u00f6zte a KWG-t, az viszont j\u00f3l b\u00edrta a tal\u00e1latokat; a baj akkor k\u00f6vetkezett be, amikor a n\u00e9meteknek elfogyott a l\u0151szere. B\u00e1r az angolok szerint a cirk\u00e1l\u00f3 s\u00fcllyesztette el a haj\u00f3t, val\u00f3j\u00e1ban a KWG \u00f6ns\u00fcllyeszt\u00e9st hajtott v\u00e9gre, ami ilyen esetekben bevett gyakorlatnak sz\u00e1m\u00edtott. A felrobbantott dinamit hatalmas lyukat v\u00e1gott a haj\u00f3n, amely megfeneklett \u00e9s felborult, roncsai j\u00f3 ideig \u00faszk\u00e1ltak a k\u00f6rny\u00e9ken.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.17563709677419\">&#8222;A <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"58.82323924731182\">Kaiser <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"63.100524193548374\">Wilhelm <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"31.147579301075265\">der <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"47.68749865591398\">Gross\u00e9<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"50.071556451612906\">n\u00e9met <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"106.05682526881719\">seg\u00e9dcirk\u00e1l\u00f3 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"67.6331451612903\">roncsa, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"44.82822311827957\">amely <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"46.13027419354839\">eddig <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"31.540504032258063\">Rio <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"45.73360887096774\">d&#8217;Oro <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"45.33873252688172\">k\u00f6r\u00fcl <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"64.3188185483871\">\u00faszk\u00e1lt, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"70.06404166666667\">els\u00fcllyedt.&#8221;<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0&#8211; \u00edrta a Pesti H\u00edrlap 1915. m\u00e1rcius 12-\u00e9n. [2] A roncs jobb oldala ugyanakkor \u00edgy is kil\u00f3gott a v\u00edzb\u0151l, \u00e9s csak 1952-ben bontott\u00e1k vissza. Az biztos, hogy sok es\u00e9lye nem lett volna elmenek\u00fclnie, \u00e9s ezzel a megold\u00e1ssal a leg\u00e9nys\u00e9g \u00e9letben maradt r\u00e9sz\u00e9t \u00fagy k\u00edm\u00e9lhette meg, hogy egy\u00fattal elker\u00fcli a megal\u00e1z\u00f3 megad\u00e1st is. Az \u00f6ns\u00fcllyeszt\u0151s verzi\u00f3t t\u00e1masztja al\u00e1 a Budapesti H\u00edrlap szeptember 27-i sz\u00e1m\u00e1ban megjelent cikk is, b\u00e1r az ilyesf\u00e9le hadi h\u00edreket \u00e9rdemes az\u00e9rt alkalmasint fenntart\u00e1ssal kezelni.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\">&#8222;(A Kaiser Wilhelm sorsa.) A Posener Tageblatt c\u00edm\u0171 lap \u2014 mint Pozenb\u0151l jelentik \u2014 az elpusztult Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse seg\u00e9dcirk\u00e1l\u00f3 egy tisztj\u00e9nek level\u00e9t k\u00f6zli, melyb\u0151l kit\u0171nik, hogy a haj\u00f3t nem az angolok s\u00fcllyesztett\u00e9k el. hanem maga a n\u00e9met parancsnok r\u00f6pittette leveg\u0151be, miut\u00e1n a kifejl\u0151d\u00f6tt tengeri \u00fctk\u00f6zetben elfogyott minden mun\u00edci\u00f3juk. A haj\u00f3 szem\u00e9lyzete tudval\u00e9v\u0151\u00e9n megmenek\u00fclt.&#8221;[3]<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<figure style=\"width: 744px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/50\/Kaiser_Wilhelm_Der_Grosse%27s_Wreck.jpg\" alt=\"File:Kaiser Wilhelm Der Grosse's Wreck.jpg\" width=\"744\" height=\"548\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A keser\u0171 v\u00e9g (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kaiser_Wilhelm_Der_Grosse%27s_Wreck.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A britek 1 h\u0151si halottat \u00e9s 6 sebes\u00fcltet vesztettek az \u00f6sszecsap\u00e1sban, a n\u00e9met vesztes\u00e9g nem ismert. Az \u00f6sszecsap\u00e1sr\u00f3l, illetve a spanyol fels\u00e9gvizek megs\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l \u00edrta a Pesti Napl\u00f3 szeptember 2-\u00e1n, hogy<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\">&#8222;A n\u00e9met haj\u00f3 ellenfele volt az angol cirk\u00e1l\u00f3nak; am\u00edg azonban semleges vizeken tart\u00f3zkodott, a nemzetk\u00f6zi tengeri jog \u00e9s az angol t\u00f6rv\u00e9ny egyar\u00e1nt v\u00e9delmezte. A n\u00e9metek azt hitt\u00e9k, hogy az angol nemzettel kem\u00e9ny, de becs\u00fcletes harcot fognak v\u00edvni; t\u00e9vedtek. Anglia brut\u00e1lisan \u00e9s cinikusan felr\u00fagta azokat a t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyeket, amelyeknek saj\u00e1t tengeri hatalm\u00e1t k\u00f6sz\u00f6nheti. Anglia ereje n\u00e9p\u00e9nek jog\u00e9rz\u00e9k\u00e9n, t\u00f6rv\u00e9nytisztelet\u00e9n alapult. A r\u00e9gi, szabad \u00e9s er\u0151s Anglia m\u00e9ltatlan fiai megs\u00e9rtett\u00e9k a semleges vizek s\u00e9rthetetlens\u00e9g\u00e9nek, szents\u00e9g\u00e9nek alapvet\u0151 elv\u00e9t. N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1g felh\u00e1borod\u00e1s\u00e1t minden tisztess\u00e9gesen gondolkoz\u00f3 ember osztja, vel\u00fck egy\u00fctt a tisztess\u00e9ges angolok is. A h\u00e1bor\u00fa borzalmait igazunk, \u00fcgy\u00fcnk szents\u00e9ge tudat\u00e1ban elviselj\u00fck; a brutalit\u00e1s, a n\u00e9pjogok megs\u00e9rt\u00e9se azonban meggyal\u00e1zza az ilyen tett elk\u00f6vet\u0151j\u00e9t&#8230; A Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse mag\u00e1nv\u00e1llalat tulajdon\u00e1ban volt, a h\u00e1bor\u00fa kezdet\u00e9n pedig seg\u00e9dcirk\u00e1l\u00f3v\u00e1 alak\u00edtott\u00e1k \u00e1t. A haj\u00f3 teh\u00e1t a hadi tengeri jog szab\u00e1lyai szerint hadihaj\u00f3k\u00e9nt szerepelt. Az 1907. \u00e9vi h\u00e1gai konvenci\u00f3, amely a semleges vizeken tart\u00f3zkod\u00f3 hadihaj\u00f3kra vonatkozik, \u00edgy sz\u00f3l: \u201eMinden, a hadvisel\u0151k hadihaj\u00f3i \u00e1ltal egy semleges hatalom partvizein elk\u00f6vetett ellens\u00e9gesked\u00e9s, ide\u00e9rtve az idegen haj\u00f3k elkobz\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s \u00e1tvizsg\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1t, a semlegess\u00e9g megs\u00e9rt\u00e9s\u00e9t jelenti \u00e9s felt\u00e9tlen\u00fcl tilos&#8221;. A n\u00e9met haj\u00f3 els\u00fcllyeszt\u00e9se teh\u00e1t a spanyol semlegess\u00e9g goromba s\u00e9rt\u00e9se \u00e9s ez ellen az \u00f6sszes semleges hatalmak tiltakozni k\u00f6telesek.&#8221; [4]<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hasonl\u00f3 hangv\u00e9tellel \u00edrt az esem\u00e9nyr\u0151l a N\u00e9pszava is, de ha megn\u00e9zz\u00fck, a h\u00edrt j\u00f3form\u00e1n sz\u00f3 szerint ugyan\u00fagy k\u00f6z\u00f6lt\u00e9k le az orsz\u00e1gos lapok. A felh\u00e1borod\u00e1s annyiban \u00e9rthet\u0151, hogy az els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa volt egyfajta v\u00edzv\u00e1laszt\u00f3 a &#8222;lovagias hadvisel\u00e9s&#8221; \u00e9s a &#8222;lelketlen&#8221; modern h\u00e1bor\u00fa k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. Na nem mint ha kor\u00e1bban az \u00f6sszes kapit\u00e1nynak a nemzetk\u00f6zi tengeri jog lett volna kedvenc \u00e9jjeli olvasm\u00e1nya, de a m\u00e9retek, illetve az \u00faj kih\u00edv\u00e1sok szokatlan v\u00e1laszokat eredm\u00e9nyeztek. Ezek egyike volt a KWG elleni t\u00e1mad\u00e1s, ahol a brit kapit\u00e1ny fontosabbnak \u00e9rt\u00e9kelte a n\u00e9met haj\u00f3 megsemmis\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t, mint a spanyol fels\u00e9gvizek tiszteletben tart\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\">&#8222;<strong>Els\u00fcllyeszt\u00e9s semleges vizeken. (Berlin, augusztus 31.)<\/strong> A Wolff-\u00fcgyn\u00f6ks\u00e9g jelenti: Las Palmasb\u00f3l \u00e9rkezett jelent\u00e9s szerint a Norddeutscher-Lloyd &#8222;Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse&#8221; nev\u0171 seg\u00e9dcirk\u00e1l\u00f3nak berendezett gyorsg\u0151z\u00f6s\u00e9t az angol .&#8221;Highflyer&#8221; cirk\u00e1l\u00f3 els\u00fcllyesztette, amid\u0151n Rio de Oro spanyol kol\u00f3nia semleges vizeiben horgonyzott. A semlegess\u00e9gi t\u00f6rv\u00e9nynek a nemzetk\u00f6zi jogba \u00fctk\u00f6z\u0151 e megs\u00e9rt\u00e9se ellen tiltakozni keli. Nagybritannia (sic!) kimutatta, hogy a semleges vizeknek az \u00f6sszes nemzetek \u00e1ltal elm\u00e9letileg \u00e9s gyakorlatilag tiszteletben tartott s\u00e9rthetetlens\u00e9g\u00e9re nincsen tekintettel \u00e9s nem \u00e1talja (sic!), hogy t\u00fal tegye mag\u00e1t a semleges -\u00e1llamok f\u00f6ls\u00e9gjog\u00e1n.&#8221;[5]<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>A hazai lapok l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben ugyanazt a cikket hozt\u00e1k le a haj\u00f3 utols\u00f3 \u00fatj\u00e1r\u00f3l is 1914. szeptember 25-\u00e9n; a Pesti Napl\u00f3, a Pesti H\u00edrlap \u00e9s Az Est tud\u00f3s\u00edt\u00e1sa is ugyanaz, ami nem csoda, hiszen ez esetben egy forr\u00e1sb\u00f3l dolgozhattak.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8938\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8938\" style=\"width: 460px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8938 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Pesti-Napl\u00f31409.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"460\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Pesti-Napl\u00f31409.png 460w, https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/Pesti-Napl\u00f31409-233x300.png 233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8938\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Az omin\u00f3zus cikk. Pesti Napl\u00f3 1914. szeptember 25. 7.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A Rio de Oro-i \u00fctk\u00f6zet beker\u00fclt az els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa kr\u00f3nik\u00e1j\u00e1nak 1915-\u00f6s kiad\u00e1s\u00e1ba is, igaz t\u00e9ves d\u00e1tummal. Sajnos a nemzetk\u00f6zi jogot a h\u00e1bor\u00fa el\u0151rehaladt\u00e1val egyre kev\u00e9sb\u00e9 tartott\u00e1k tiszteletben, b\u00e1r az\u00e9rt akadtak mindk\u00e9t oldalon olyan tisztek-tenger\u00e9szek is, akik nem egyszer saj\u00e1t haj\u00f3juk, \u00e9let\u00fck kock\u00e1ztat\u00e1s\u00e1val is mentett\u00e9k a nem sokkal kor\u00e1bban m\u00e9g ellens\u00e9ges haj\u00f3sokat.<span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"58.11167670891335\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"136.114315395803\">&#8222;&#8230;augusztus <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"84.59441097028879\">29-\u00e9n <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"83.813806357781\">pedig <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"57.4467172241845\">egy <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"114.19956368169537\">kiseg\u00edt\u0151 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"158.2603573654685\">cirk\u00e1l\u00f3nak <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"42.23938292125493\">f\u00f6l<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"102.92416372324953\">szerelt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"91.99569914814045\">n\u00e9met <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"172.31124039060873\">gyorsg\u0151z\u00f6st, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"20.498098898815705\">a <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"102.72178474963641\">Kaiser <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"117.35089341367129\">Wilhelm <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"58.60316850197382\">der <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"79.62167047579472\">Grosse<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"9.627456887596093\">&#8211;<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.055838354456675\">1 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"164.591928111365\">s\u00fcllyesztette <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"41.66115728236027\">el <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"20.06442966964471\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"121.74540826927071\">Highflyer<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"75.68973613131104\">nev\u0171 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"84.47876584250987\">angol <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"107.89690421774363\">cirk\u00e1l\u00f3. <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"48.62877623104092\">Az <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"85.11481404529398\">angol <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"105.90202576355703\">cirk\u00e1l\u00f3 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"141.92548306669434\">\u00abh\u0151stette\u00bb <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"62.41945771867858\">egy <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"173.72789320590067\">nyugatafrikai (sic!)\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"147.0427799709121\">kik\u00f6t\u0151ben, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"54.815790567213796\">Rio <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"47.32776854352794\">del <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"113.56351547891127\">Oroban <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"140.7401205069603\">j\u00e1tsz\u00f3dott <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"41.63224600041554\">le, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"28.39087886972782\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"54.150831082484935\">hol <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.026927072511945\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"92.11134427591938\">n\u00e9met <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"84.50767712445459\">g\u0151z\u00f6s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"92.1113442759194\">szenet <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"58.60316850197382\">vett <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"42.55740702264699\">fel. <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"90.83924787035112\">Teh\u00e1t <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"124.37633492624141\">semleges <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"143.86253895699147\">kik\u00f6t\u0151ben <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"89.62497402867234\">l\u0151ttek <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"82.65735507999169\">\u00f6ssze <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"61.75449823394972\">egy <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"100.95819655100767\">n\u00e9met <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"99.59936629960522\">g\u0151z\u00f6st <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"48.62877623104092\">az <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"121.19609391232079\">angolok, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"60.82933721171826\">akik <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"144.4985871597756\">egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"108.47512985663826\">nagyon <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"118.53625597340533\">sz\u00edvesen <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"173.46769166839806\">hivatkoznak <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"23.38922709328901\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"153.22979430708494\">nemzetk\u00f6zi <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"58.71881362975275\">jogi <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"237.01468938292126\">meg\u00e1llapod\u00e1sokra.&#8221;[7]<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A KWG leg\u00e9nys\u00e9g\u00e9nek t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge hadifogs\u00e1gba esett \u00e9s Kanad\u00e1ban t\u00f6lt\u00f6tte a h\u00e1bor\u00fa h\u00e1tralev\u0151 r\u00e9sz\u00e9t, de Reymann kapit\u00e1nynak siker\u00fclt elker\u00fclnie a fogs\u00e1got. K\u00e9s\u0151bb \u00e1ln\u00e9ven f\u0171t\u0151 lett egy kereskedelmi haj\u00f3n, amellyel v\u00e9g\u00fcl hazajutott N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gba. A KWG volt az els\u0151, a h\u00e1bor\u00faban els\u00fcllyesztett \u00f3ce\u00e1nj\u00e1r\u00f3 utassz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3; bevet\u00e9se arra is r\u00e1mutatott, hogy ezek a haj\u00f3k hatalmas sz\u00e9nfogyaszt\u00e1suk miatt (23 m\u00e9rf\u00f6ldes sebess\u00e9g eset\u00e9n a KWG napi 500 tonn\u00e1t evett meg[6]) nem igaz\u00e1n alkalmasak commerce raiding-re. Persze a n\u00e9meteknek nem nagyon volt m\u00e1s lehet\u0151s\u00e9g\u00fck, a britek \u00e9s franci\u00e1k viszont legt\u00f6bb luxushaj\u00f3jukat csapatsz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3nak vagy k\u00f3rh\u00e1zhaj\u00f3nak haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en. \u00c9rdekess\u00e9g, hogy Melbourne-i Argus c\u00edm\u0171 lap 1916. j\u00falius 5-\u00e9n arr\u00f3l sz\u00e1molt be, hogy a haditenger\u00e9szeti zs\u00e1km\u00e1nyb\u00edr\u00f3s\u00e1g 2580 fontot \u00edt\u00e9lt meg a Highflyer leg\u00e9nys\u00e9g\u00e9nek a KWG els\u00fcllyeszt\u00e9s\u00e9\u00e9rt.[8] Tiszt\u00e1ra, mint a kal\u00f3zos filmeken&#8230;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8937\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8937\" style=\"width: 679px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-8937 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/ausztr\u00e1l-lap.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"679\" height=\"305\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/ausztr\u00e1l-lap.png 679w, https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/ausztr\u00e1l-lap-300x135.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 679px) 100vw, 679px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8937\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Az Argus cikke<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>2013-ban egy b\u00fav\u00e1rcsapat lemer\u00fclt a csata helysz\u00edn\u00e9n, \u00e9s megtal\u00e1lt\u00e1k a KWG &#8222;n\u00e9vt\u00e1bl\u00e1j\u00e1t&#8221;, amir\u0151l <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7t1oqxOhg1k\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">filmet<\/span><\/a> is k\u00e9sz\u00edtettek. V\u00e9gezet\u00fcl pedig k\u00f6vetkezzen egy kis \u00f6ssze\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s, rengeteg korabeli plak\u00e1ttal \u00e9s k\u00e9ppel a KWG-r\u0151l:<\/p>\n<p>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8DkcfZlWI-o<\/p>\n<p>Utassz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3k\u00e9nt bevetett seg\u00e9dcirk\u00e1l\u00f3k a m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00faban is szolg\u00e1ltak, s\u0151t a &#8222;civileknek&#8221; ekkor a visszav\u00e1g\u00f3 is megadatott, de err\u0151l majd legk\u00f6zelebb!<\/p>\n<div class='code-block code-block-3' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- baszad\u00e9k -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7971303320192828\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7992097991\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Felhaszn\u00e1lt forr\u00e1sok<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] Pesti H\u00edrlap 1915. m\u00e1jus 9. 7.<\/p>\n<p>[2]\u00a0Pesti H\u00edrlap 1915. m\u00e1rcius 12. 14.<\/p>\n<p>[3] Budapesti H\u00edrlap 1914. szeptember 27. 15.<\/p>\n<p>[4] Pesti Napl\u00f3 1914. szeptember 2. 10.<\/p>\n<p>[5] N\u00e9pszava 1914. szeptember 1. 3.<\/p>\n<p>[6] Kaz\u00e1n \u00e9s G\u00e9p\u00fajs\u00e1g 1903. febru\u00e1r 1. 39.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[7]\u00a0<\/span><\/span>A vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa k\u00e9pes kr\u00f3nik\u00e1ja, 1915 (2. k\u00f6tet, 14-26. sz\u00e1m), 1915. janu\u00e1r 24. 80. o.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">[8]<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/trove.nla.gov.au\/newspaper\/article\/1623603\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">The Argus, 1915. j\u00falius 5. 10.<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.historyofwar.org\/articles\/weapons_HMS_Highflyer.html\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">A HMS Highflyer t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete\u00a0<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.norwayheritage.com\/p_ship.asp?sh=kaiwi\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">A Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete, f\u00e9nyk\u00e9pritkas\u00e1gokkal<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/maritimequest.com\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Haj\u00f3adatlap, tov\u00e1bbi k\u00e9pek<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kaiser_Wilhelm_der_Grosse_fight_painting_1914.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">A nyit\u00f3k\u00e9pen a KWG \u00e9s a sz\u00e9nsz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3k az \u00f6sszecsap\u00e1s elej\u00e9n<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ha az ember a &#8222;tengeri csata&#8221; kifejez\u00e9st hallja, \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban hatalmas vitorl\u00e1sokra vagy csatahaj\u00f3kra gondol, amelyek b\u0151szen igyekeznek az ellens\u00e9g hasonl\u00f3 egys\u00e9geib\u0151l min\u00e9l t\u00f6bbet a tengerfen\u00e9kre k\u00fcldeni. Nagy vonalakban ez stimmel is, viszont voltak olyan korszakok-helyzetek, amikor civilek, teher \u00e9s\/vagy utassz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 haj\u00f3k is a p\u00e1ly\u00e1ra ker\u00fcltek. A felfegyverzett kereskedelmi haj\u00f3 \u00e9vsz\u00e1zados m\u00faltra tekint vissza, el\u00e9g csak az east-indiaman-ekre gondolni, amelyeket a k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le gyarmat\u00e1r\u00fa mellett nagyobb sz\u00e1m\u00fa l\u00f6veggel is megpakoltak, hogy ezzel is elej\u00e9t vegy\u00e9k a kal\u00f3zok\/konkurens hadihaj\u00f3k (sokszor nem volt \u00e9les hat\u00e1rvonal) t\u00e1mad\u00e1sainak. A j\u00f3l elk\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edthet\u0151 hadi \u00e9s kereskedelmi haj\u00f3t\u00edpusok kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1val&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":8928,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,4],"tags":[334,81,151,31,681],"class_list":["post-8924","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egyeb","category-i-vilaghaboru","tag-afrika","tag-haditengereszet","tag-hajozas","tag-nagy-britannia","tag-nemet-csaszarsag"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8924","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8924"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8924\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8940,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8924\/revisions\/8940"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8928"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8924"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8924"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8924"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}