{"id":4856,"date":"2017-07-18T04:19:56","date_gmt":"2017-07-18T04:19:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/?p=4856"},"modified":"2017-08-08T15:36:25","modified_gmt":"2017-08-08T15:36:25","slug":"nem-akarok-ugy-elni-hogy-nem-bizom-hu-es-szereto-nepemben-i-erzsebet-beszede-tilburyben","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2017\/07\/18\/nem-akarok-ugy-elni-hogy-nem-bizom-hu-es-szereto-nepemben-i-erzsebet-beszede-tilburyben\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201e&#8230;nem akarok \u00fagy \u00e9lni, hogy nem b\u00edzom h\u0171 \u00e9s szeret\u0151 n\u00e9pemben.\u201d \u2013 I. Erzs\u00e9bet besz\u00e9de Tilburyben"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><em>Illik P\u00e9ter<\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">1588-ban a II. F\u00fcl\u00f6p (1556\u20131598) spanyol kir\u00e1ly \u00e1ltal Anglia ellen k\u00fcld\u00f6tt nagy spanyol armada veres\u00e9get szenvedett. A t\u00f6rt\u00e9net \u00f6nmag\u00e1ban is \u00e9rdekes, azonban sz\u00e1mos mozzanata meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 az angol eml\u00e9kezetpolitika \u00e9s nemzeti identit\u00e1s tekintet\u00e9ben.\u00a0Ezek egyike I. Erzs\u00e9bet besz\u00e9de Tilbury-ben. 1588. j\u00fanius-j\u00faliusban Nyugat-Tilbury-ben \u00f6sszegy\u0171lt egy hadsereg arra az esetre, ha a spanyolok partra sz\u00e1lln\u00e1nak.<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote1sym\" name=\"sdendnote1anc\">i<\/a><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"> Az ott l\u00e9v\u0151 hadparancsnok, Robert Dudley, Leicester earlje augusztus 5-\u00e9n (Old Style dat\u00e1l\u00e1s szerint, a szakirodalom \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem haszn\u00e1lja)<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote2sym\" name=\"sdendnote2anc\">ii<\/a><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"> I. Erzs\u00e9betnek k\u00fcld\u00f6tt levelet, amelyben k\u00e9rte a t\u00e1bor megl\u00e1togat\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote3sym\" name=\"sdendnote3anc\">iii<\/a><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"> A kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 augusztus 8-\u00e1n el is indult a t\u00e1borba a Temz\u00e9n, haj\u00f3val.<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote4sym\" name=\"sdendnote4anc\">iv<\/a><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"> Az utaz\u00e1sr\u00f3l \u00e9s l\u00e1togat\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l h\u00e1rom kort\u00e1rs le\u00edr\u00e1s \u00e1ll rendelkez\u00e9sre, ebb\u0151l kett\u0151 k\u00f6ltem\u00e9ny form\u00e1j\u00e1ban James Aske-t\u00f3l \u00e9s Thomas Deloney-t\u0151l.<\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote5sym\" name=\"sdendnote5anc\">v<\/a><\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><div class='code-block code-block-1' style='text-align: center; margin: 13px auto;'>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- oldalhirdet\u00e9s -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7971303320192828\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"5518896799\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Az augusztus 8-i \u00e9jszak\u00e1t I. Erzs\u00e9bet Aderne Hallban t\u00f6lt\u00f6tte, majd augusztus 9-\u00e9n (Old Style dat\u00e1l\u00e1s szerint) elmondta besz\u00e9d\u00e9t az ott \u00f6sszegy\u0171lt csapatoknak, este pedig elhagyta a t\u00e1bort \u00e9s visszat\u00e9rt Londonba.<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote6sym\" name=\"sdendnote6anc\">vi<\/a>\u00a0<\/sup>A Tilbury-besz\u00e9det egy\u00e9bk\u00e9nt Baratt,<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote7sym\" name=\"sdendnote7anc\">vii<\/a><\/sup> Hutchinson<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote8sym\" name=\"sdendnote8anc\">viii<\/a><\/sup> \u00e9s Hanson<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote9sym\" name=\"sdendnote9anc\">ix<\/a><\/sup> augusztus 18-nak adj\u00e1k meg az \u00fan. New Style dat\u00e1l\u00e1s szerint. Ak\u00e1r augusztus 9-\u00e1t, ak\u00e1r 18-\u00e1t adunk meg, a spanyol flotta m\u00e1r egy hete \u00e9szak fel\u00e9 tartott, azaz a k\u00f6zvetlen vesz\u00e9ly teljesen megsz\u0171nt.<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote10sym\" name=\"sdendnote10anc\">x\u00a0<\/a><\/sup>R\u00e1ad\u00e1sul a lelkes\u00edt\u0151 besz\u00e9d napj\u00e1n az \u00f6sszegy\u0171lt csapatokat haza is k\u00fcldt\u00e9k! A kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 besz\u00e9d\u00e9nek van egy harmadik, csak 40 \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb kiadott v\u00e1ltozata, Dr. Lionel Sharpt\u00f3l (Leonel Sharp, 1559\u20131631, Leicester k\u00e1pl\u00e1nja, szint\u00e9n jelen volt Tilbury-ben):<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote11sym\" name=\"sdendnote11anc\">xi<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u201e<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>My loving people: I have been persuaded by some that are careful of my safety to take heed I committed myself to armed multitudes, for fear<\/i><\/span> <span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>of treachery.<\/i><\/span> <span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>But I tell you that I would not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people.<\/b><\/i><\/span> <span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>Let tyrants fear! I have always so behaved myself that under God I have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and goodwill of my subjects.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>Wherefore I am come among you<\/b><\/i><\/span> <span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>at this time not for my recreation and pleasure, but <\/b><\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>being resolved in the midst and heat of battle <\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>to live and die amongst you<\/b><\/i><\/span> <span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>all to lay down, for my God and for my kingdom and for my people, my honour and my blood even in the dust.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman but I have the heart and stomach of a king. <\/b><\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>And of a king of England too \u2013 and take foul scorn that Parma or any prince of Europe should dare to invade the borders of my realm. To the which, rather than any dishonour shall grow by me<\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>, I myself will venture my royal blood;<\/b><\/i><\/span> <span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>I myself shall be your general, judge and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field.<\/b><\/i><\/span> <span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>I know that already, for your forwardness, <\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>you have deserved rewards and crowns and I assure you in the word of a prince, you shall not fail of them<\/b><\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>. In the meantime, my lieutenant general shall be in my stead, than whom never prince commanded a more noble or worthy subject. Not doubting but by your concord in the camp and valour in the field and your obedience to myself and my general, <\/i><\/span><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>we shall shortly have a famous victory over these enemies of my God and of my kingdom.<\/b><\/i><\/span>\u201d<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote12sym\" name=\"sdendnote12anc\">xii<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<figure style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.archaeology.org\/images\/SIPs\/Shipwrecks\/10_Greatest_Wrecks\/Spanish-Armada.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"710\" height=\"543\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.archaeology.org\/images\/SIPs\/Shipwrecks\/10_Greatest_Wrecks\/Spanish-Armada.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">A(z ekkor m\u00e9g) rettegett spanyol armada<\/span><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Mindez magyarul \u00edgy hangzik: <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u201e<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">\u00c9n szeret\u0151 n\u00e9pem! N\u00e9h\u00e1nyan, akik a biztons\u00e1gom\u00e9rt agg\u00f3dtak, gy\u0151zk\u00f6dtek arr\u00f3l, hogy f\u00e9lelem \u00e9s \u00e1rul\u00e1s miatt \u0151rizkedjek a felfegyverzett sokas\u00e1gt\u00f3l.\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">De \u00e9n mondom nektek, hogy nem akarok \u00fagy \u00e9lni, hogy nem b\u00edzom h\u0171 \u00e9s szeret\u0151 n\u00e9pemben.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">F\u00e9ljenek a zsarnokok!\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">\u00c9n mindig \u00fagy viseltem magam\u00a0Isten el\u0151tt, hogy er\u0151m \u00e9s biztons\u00e1gom mindenekel\u0151tt alattval\u00f3im h\u0171s\u00e9ges sz\u00edv\u00e9be \u00e9s j\u00f3akarat\u00e1ba helyeztem.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Most nem a pihen\u00e9s\u00e9rt vagy a saj\u00e1t \u00f6r\u00f6m\u00f6m\u00e9rt j\u00f6ttem k\u00f6z\u00e9tek<\/span><\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">, hanem, hogy elt\u00f6k\u00e9lt legyek a csata s\u0171r\u0171j\u00e9ben \u00e9s hev\u00e9ben, hogy veletek \u00e9ljek s haljak, hogy letegyem \u2013 Istenem\u00e9rt, kir\u00e1lys\u00e1gom\u00e9rt \u00e9s n\u00e9pem\u00e9rt \u2013 m\u00e9lt\u00f3s\u00e1gomat \u00e9s v\u00e9remet ak\u00e1r a porba is.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<blockquote><p><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Tudom, hogy testem egy gyenge \u00e9s er\u0151tlen n\u0151\u00e9, de sz\u00edvem s gyomrom egy kir\u00e1ly\u00e9. \u00c9s angol kir\u00e1ly\u00e9 is, hogy elt\u0171rjem Parma vagy m\u00e1s eur\u00f3pai hercegek al\u00e1val\u00f3 megvet\u00e9s\u00e9t, akik mer\u00e9szelik megsz\u00e1llni kir\u00e1lys\u00e1gom hat\u00e1rait. <\/span><\/span><\/em><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Amely\u00e9rt \u00e9n magam ink\u00e1bb kock\u00e1ztatom kir\u00e1lyi v\u00e9rem, mintsem sz\u00e9gyent hozzak r\u00e1. \u00c9n magam leszek t\u00e1bornoka, b\u00edr\u00e1ja \u00e9s jutalmaz\u00f3ja mind\u0151t\u00f6k minden egyes \u00e9rdem\u00e9nek a csatamez\u0151n.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"> Tudom, hogy eddigi ser\u00e9nys\u00e9getek\u00e9rt is ki\u00e9rdemelt\u00e9tek a jutalmat \u00e9s az aranykoron\u00e1kat, \u00e9s biztos\u00edthatlak titeket egy herceg szav\u00e1val, hogy nem fogtok csal\u00f3dni. Addig is az \u00e9n alt\u00e1bornagyom \u2013 akin\u00e9l nemesebb \u00e9s m\u00e9lt\u00f3bb alattval\u00f3t herceg nem ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott \u2013 lesz a helyemben. <\/span><\/span><\/em><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Nem k\u00e9tlem, hogy a t\u00e1borb\u00e9li egyet\u00e9rt\u00e9setek, vit\u00e9zs\u00e9getek a csatamez\u0151n, \u00e9s a nekem \u00e9s t\u00e1bornokomnak val\u00f3\u00a0\u00a0engedelmess\u00e9getek \u00e1ltal hamarosan h\u00edres gy\u0151zelmet aratunk Istenem \u00e9s kir\u00e1lys\u00e1gom ellens\u00e9gein.&#8221;<\/span><\/span><\/strong><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"> (Ford., kiemel\u00e9sek a szerz\u0151t\u0151l.)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><em><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Janet M. Green kiv\u00e1l\u00f3 cikk\u00e9ben a Tilbury-besz\u00e9d \u00f6sszes vari\u00e1ns\u00e1t r\u00e9szletes bemutatja, elemzi, a Dr. Lionel Sharp-f\u00e9le v\u00e1ltozatot pedig bet\u0171h\u00edven k\u00f6zli f\u00fcggel\u00e9kben. Egyik kezd\u0151 meg\u00e1llap\u00edt\u00e1sa, hogy a sz\u00f6veg egy rendk\u00edv\u00fcl pragmatikus \u00e9s r\u00f6vid besz\u00e9d, hozz\u00e1vet\u0151leg 250 sz\u00f3, amelynek el\u0151ad\u00e1sa mind\u00f6ssze sz\u0171k 3 perc lehetett!<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote13sym\" name=\"sdendnote13anc\">xiii<\/a><\/sup> A sz\u00f6veg alapvet\u0151en ellent\u00e9telez\u00e9sekre \u00e9p\u00fcl, amelyeket a \u201ebut\u201d sz\u00f3 vezet be. A retorikai elemeken t\u00fal \u00e9rdekes, hogy jutalmat \u00edg\u00e9rt a katon\u00e1knak, amit ut\u00f3lag a kincst\u00e1r p\u00e9nz hi\u00e1ny\u00e1ban egy\u00e1ltal\u00e1n nem fizetett ki, s\u0151t a tenger\u00e9szek fele \u2013 ugyan\u00fagy, mint a spanyolokn\u00e1l \u2013 meghalt, azzal a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9ggel, hogy II. F\u00fcl\u00f6p t\u00e9nyleg gondoskodott alattval\u00f3ir\u00f3l! A sz\u00f6veg z\u00e1r\u00e1sa, hogy biztosan gy\u0151zni fognak, mik\u00f6zben a vezet\u00e9s m\u00e1r tudta, hogy gy\u0151ztek, a spanyol flotta menek\u00fcl\u0151ben volt \u00e9szak fel\u00e9, Parma sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ldi csapatait pedig nem tudt\u00e1k behaj\u00f3zni!<\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1131px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.luminarium.org\/renlit\/elizatilbury.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1131\" height=\"856\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.luminarium.org\/renlit\/tilbury.htm\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">A Tilbury-i besz\u00e9d \u00e9s a h\u00e1tt\u00e9rben m\u00e1r \u00e9g\u0151 spanyol armada<\/span><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">A besz\u00e9d egyik \u201et\u00e9tje\u201d az, hogy itt alapoz\u00f3dik meg az angol nemzeti gy\u0151zelem, mint besz\u00e9dm\u00f3d. B\u00e1r az angol t\u00f6rt\u00e9neti szakirodalom nagy r\u00e9sze elfogadja, hogy I. Erzs\u00e9bet Tilburyben elmondta a fenti besz\u00e9det, m\u00e9gis vannak n\u00e9h\u00e1nyan, akik azt puszta legend\u00e1nak tartj\u00e1k. K\u00f6zt\u00fck p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Susan Frye. De m\u00e9g \u0151 is azt hangs\u00falyozza, hogy I. Erzs\u00e9bet j\u00e1rt Tilburyben, \u00e9s a besz\u00e9dt\u0151l f\u00fcggetlen\u00fcl, maga ez a t\u00e9ny fontos, mivel t\u00e9rben \u00f6sszek\u00f6t\u00f6tte \u0151t \u00e9s a spanyol armada legy\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9t, amely a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi k\u00e9pz\u0151m\u0171v\u00e9szeti ikonogr\u00e1fi\u00e1t alapozta meg.<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote14sym\" name=\"sdendnote14anc\">xiv<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">A besz\u00e9d m\u00e1sik \u201et\u00e9tje\u201d az angol szakirodalomban az, hogy mennyi katona is volt ott, illetve I. Erzs\u00e9bet mindent megtett-e a felk\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u00e9s \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben. M\u00e1shogy felt\u00e9ve a k\u00e9rd\u00e9st, mi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt volna, ha a spanyolok partra sz\u00e1llnak? Az angol t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9szek sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra a \u201eMi lett volna, ha&#8230;?\u201d-k\u00e9rd\u00e9s nem esik anat\u00e9ma al\u00e1 \u2013 mik\u00e9nt a magyar t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9szekn\u00e9l \u2013, aminek nem puszt\u00e1n az az oka, hogy a k\u00e9rd\u00e9s \u00e9rdekes, hanem az is, hogy modern t\u00f6rt\u00e9netelm\u00e9leti szempontb\u00f3l teljesen relev\u00e1ns. Ugyanis, ha nem ut\u00f3lag, retrospekt\u00edv m\u00f3don akarunk \u00edt\u00e9lkezni a m\u00falt felett, akkor azt kell k\u00e9rdezn\u00fcnk, hogy a kort\u00e1rsak az adott helyzetben mit l\u00e1ttak, mit gondoltak alternat\u00edvak\u00e9nt, azaz \u0151k is azt a k\u00e9rd\u00e9st tett\u00e9k fel maguknak, hogy \u201eMi lesz, ha ezt vagy azt a lehet\u0151s\u00e9get v\u00e1lasztom?\u201d Mi, ut\u00f3lag ugyan tudjuk mi t\u00f6rt\u00e9nt, de a d\u00f6nt\u00e9shoz\u00f3 kort\u00e1rsak nem tudhatt\u00e1k, \u00edgy sz\u00e1munkra, modellezve az \u0151 lehet\u0151s\u00e9geiket, m\u00f3dszertanilag teljesen adekv\u00e1t k\u00e9rd\u00e9s a \u201eMi lett volna, ha\u2026?\u201d Hutchinson nem az egyetlen, aki azt mondja, hogy a spanyol inv\u00e1zi\u00f3s hader\u0151 biztosan sikerrel j\u00e1rt volna, \u00e9s az angol v\u00e9delem nem lett volna elegend\u0151 egy esetleges megsz\u00e1ll\u00e1s eset\u00e9n.<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote15sym\" name=\"sdendnote15anc\">xv<\/a><\/sup> S\u0151t, m\u00e1r eg\u00e9szen kor\u00e1n, a brit nacionalizmus cs\u00facspontj\u00e1n, 1886-ban megfogalmaz\u00f3dik ez a gondolat!<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote16sym\" name=\"sdendnote16anc\">xvi<\/a><\/sup> McAleer 1963-ban szint\u00e9n meg\u00e1llap\u00edtja azt, hogy Angli\u00e1nak es\u00e9lye sem volt a spanyol csapatok ellen a sikeres partra sz\u00e1ll\u00e1s eset\u00e9n. Tulajdonk\u00e9ppen mag\u00e1t I. Erzs\u00e9betet is v\u00e1ratlanul \u00e9rte a tengeri siker, amihez az angol flott\u00e1nak kev\u00e9s k\u00f6ze volt. S\u0151t, az \u00e1llam igen h\u00e1l\u00e1tlanul b\u00e1nt a h\u0151s matr\u00f3zokkal, a s\u00e9r\u00fclteket hagyta meghalni. Emellett azt is \u00e1ll\u00edtja \u2013 amit a t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9szek z\u00f6me nem \u2013, hogy a kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 el sem ment a spanyolok elleni harc el\u0151tt Tilburybe lelkes\u00edt\u0151 besz\u00e9det tartani csapatainak.<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote17sym\" name=\"sdendnote17anc\">xvii<\/a><\/sup> Az angol v\u00e9delem inadekv\u00e1t volta mellett tette le a garast az armada egyik legnagyobb szak\u00e9rt\u0151je, Geoffrey Parker is.<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote18sym\" name=\"sdendnote18anc\">xviii<\/a><\/sup> Ugyanakkor van eg\u00e9szen pozit\u00edv felt\u00e9telez\u00e9s is, amely szerint a spanyolok augusztus 14-e el\u0151tt nem tudtak volna elind\u00edtani egy \u00fct\u0151k\u00e9pes t\u00e1mad\u00e1st, addigra azonban Leicester \u00e9s Hunsdon vezet\u00e9s\u00e9vel \u00f6sszegy\u0171lt volna egy 83 ezer f\u0151s sereg, amely r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul taktikailag is j\u00f3l lett volna elhelyezve.<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote19sym\" name=\"sdendnote19anc\">xix<\/a><\/sup> Ugyancsak ezen a v\u00e9lem\u00e9nyen van a k\u00e9rd\u00e9sben megjelent leg\u00fajabb cikk is, amely a k\u00e9t p\u00e1rhuzamos \u00e9rtelmez\u00e9s szakirodalm\u00e1t is r\u00e9szletesen \u00f6sszefoglalja.<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote20sym\" name=\"sdendnote20anc\">xx<\/a><\/sup> Ez ut\u00f3bbi v\u00e9leked\u00e9st is er\u0151s\u00edtik korabeli forr\u00e1sok, azaz m\u00e1r az angol kort\u00e1rsakat is foglalkoztatta, vajon felk\u00e9sz\u00fcltek-e a spanyolok ellen. Erre p\u00e9lda Sir William Russell vagy Walsingham levelei, amelyek azt hangs\u00falyozz\u00e1k, hogy I. Erzs\u00e9bet mindent megtett, \u00e9s az angol hader\u0151 t\u00f6bb mint el\u00e9gs\u00e9ges a v\u00e9delemre.<sup><a class=\"sdendnoteanc\" href=\"#sdendnote21sym\" name=\"sdendnote21anc\">xxi<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.britishbattles.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/battles-takes-place.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"467\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.britishbattles.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/battles-takes-place.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">A d\u00f6nt\u0151 tengeri csata Gravelinesn\u00e1l 1588. j\u00falius 29-\u00e9n.<\/span><\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">L\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy a Tilbury-besz\u00e9d, illetve annak jelent\u0151s\u00e9ge, olvasatai mai napig meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3ak, hiszen itt egy \u00e1llami propagandatev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gr\u0151l van sz\u00f3. Azaz a besz\u00e9d \u00e9s k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyeinek meg\u00edt\u00e9l\u00e9se egyben az angol armada-ellenes \u201eteljes\u00edtm\u00e9ny\u201d \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9se is egyben.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"sdendnote21\"><\/div>\n<div class='code-block code-block-3' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- baszad\u00e9k -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7971303320192828\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7992097991\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Jegyzetek \u00e9s felhaszn\u00e1lt forr\u00e1sok<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote1anc\" name=\"sdendnote1sym\">i<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Leicester, R.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u2013<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Christy, Miller: Queen Elizabeth\u2019s Visit to Tilbury in 1588. The English Historical Review 1919. Vol. 34, no. 133. 43. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote2anc\" name=\"sdendnote2sym\">ii<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Angol dat\u00e1l\u00e1si forma.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote3anc\" name=\"sdendnote3sym\">iii<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Uo. 47.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote4anc\" name=\"sdendnote4sym\">iv<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Uo. 48.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote5anc\" name=\"sdendnote5sym\">v<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Uo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote6anc\" name=\"sdendnote6sym\">vi<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Uo. 53. (Ugyanezeket az adatokat er\u0151s\u00edti meg: Collins, A. J.: The Progress of Queen Elizabeth to the Camp at Tilbury, 1588. The British Museum Quarterly 1936. Vol. 10, no. 4. 164<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u2013<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">167.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote7anc\" name=\"sdendnote7sym\">vii<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Baratt, John: Armada 1588. The Spanish Assault on England. UK., 2005. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">99.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote8anc\" name=\"sdendnote8sym\">viii<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Hutchinson, Robert: The Spanish Armada. UK., 2013.179.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote9anc\" name=\"sdendnote9sym\">ix<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Hanson, Neil: The Confident Hope of a Miracle. The True Story of the Spanish Armada. UK., 2004. 518. S\u0151t, a besz\u00e9det egy kifejezetten cinikus sz\u00ednh\u00e1zi el\u0151ad\u00e1snak tartja, mivel m\u00e1r semmif\u00e9le vesz\u00e9ly nem fenyegetett, az \u00f6sszegy\u0171lt csapatokat pedig feloszlatt\u00e1k. (Uo. 522.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote10anc\" name=\"sdendnote10sym\">x<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Ezt jelzi H. Kyllygrew levele Walsinghamnak, (New Style szerinti dat\u00e1l\u00e1ssal) augusztus 13-\u00e1n, 5 nappal a gravelines-i csata ut\u00e1n. Ebben m\u00e1r vil\u00e1gos utal\u00e1s van arra, hogy tudj\u00e1k, az armada elhaj\u00f3zik Sk\u00f3cia fel\u00e9<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><i>. \u201e<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>These 14 men were with the Spanish fleet the whole time; they deserted at Calais in a cock boat, using their shirts for sails. Left Lisbon, May 30, but were driven back by contrary winds. They were 150 sail, 25,000 men, 10,000 of them good soldiers, and victualled for three months. No great sickness. Sighted Land&#8217;s End, July 28 o.s. [sic]: met 40 English ships off Plymouth, where they lost a galleass and had another blown up by the gunner after a quarrel with the captain. <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>Fighting off Portland and Isle of Wight and between Calais and Blackness, where a galleass was taken and at least three great ships sunk. Fireships at Calais. <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>A ship went aground on the Wielings and was taken by those of Flushing. <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>They blame Parma for not aiding them more, but he could not embark.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i> The English greatly damaged them by gunfire, but dared not board them as they were too lofty. <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>The Armada will probably go around Scotland.<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i> Lacks mariners and, more still, pilots. The vessel which grounded on the Wielings shot through 350 times: captured by five ships of these countries: Don Diego de Pimentel, etc., in her. Another was taken by seven of these countries between Calais and Dunkirk. In one ship were 34 pieces of brass, in the other 63. August 3. Learns this morning that Parma attempted to break out but was driven back with the loss of two ships by the fleet off Dunkirk. 17 sail of the Spaniard said to be taken into England; the rest still pursued by her Majesty&#8217;s navy. In the hand of Killigrew\u2019s clerk.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"> (Endd. 3\u00bc pp. [Holland XXVI. f. 17.] Interneten el\u00e9rhet\u0151: http:\/\/www.british-history.ac.uk\/cal-state-papers\/foreign\/vol22\/pp97-110#fnn6)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote11anc\" name=\"sdendnote11sym\">xi<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">T\u00f6bb v\u00e1ltozata is van, amelyek olyannyira ismertek, hogy a wikipedia Tilbury-sz\u00f3cikke is szerepelteti \u0151ket: https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Speech_to_the_Troops_at_Tilbury<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote12anc\" name=\"sdendnote12sym\">xii<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Id\u00e9zi: Hutchinson, R.: The Spanish\u2026 i. m. 179<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u2013<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">180.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote13anc\" name=\"sdendnote13sym\">xiii<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>\u201eThe Tilbury oration is the prize of Elizabeth&#8217;s succinct English mode. It is a demonstrative (or epideictic or declamatory) oration, a type that could express praise or blame, and the shortest formal address of Elizabeth&#8217;s we have. About 250 words, it takes about two and one-half minutes to deliver. Most Elizabethan orators spoke, in church and in Parliament, for at least an hour, but Elizabeth did not like other people&#8217;s long harangues. In her own orations she was unusually brief. Her main purpose in speaking was to set forth the royal will and message, and for this, she did not need a great deal of talking.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"> (Green, Janet M.: \u201eI My Self\u201d: Queen Elizabeth I&#8217;s Oration at Tilbury Camp. The Sixteenth Century Journal 1997. Vol. 28, no. 2. 423.)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote14anc\" name=\"sdendnote14sym\">xiv<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>\u201eWhile the spatial association of Elizabeth with the defeat of the Armada remained important after her death, Elizabeth&#8217;s arms and armor became increasingly important to her seventeenth-century iconography. William Rogers&#8217; engraving of a peaceful if triumphant empress, so rarely reproduced, contrasts with the better-known allegorical engraving of Thomas Cecil, \u2018Truth Presents the Queene with a Lance\u2019 (c. 1625) [&#8230;], which, while the Armada is defeated in the background, an armored Elizabeth receives a lance and tramples the dragon of Catholicism. The picture is an allegory, but, like Spenser&#8217;s Britomart, it provides us with image that is difficult not to superimpose on Elizabeth at Tilbury. Seventeenth-century history plays about Elizabeth illustrate a similar increase in the Queen&#8217;s militarism.\u201d <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">(Frye, Susan: The Myth of Elizabeth at Tilbury. The Sixteenth Century Journal 1992. Vol. 23, no. 1. 108.)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote15anc\" name=\"sdendnote15sym\">xv<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Hutchinson, R.: The Spanish\u2026 i. m. 210.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote16anc\" name=\"sdendnote16sym\">xvi<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>\u201e<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i><b>Truly they [burghers of London] and the rest of the English militia would have been as chaff before the veterans of Parma. <\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>It was clearly then to her fleet that Elizabeth had alone to look for the safety of herself and her subjects; yet she laboured hard to render even its bravery and skill unavailing. In evil plight the crews went forth to meet the enemy, whose power they had throughout feared less than the dangers to which their own sovereign had exposed them; and in still worse plight they returned from that memorable conflict, thinned by the pestilence which their poisonous rations had bred, till in some ships there were not men enough left to weigh anchor. Even then the survivors could not obtain their long arrears of pay, or much prospect of an alleviation of their sufferings. It was indeed small policy, as Howard perhaps ironically suggested, to defer their pay till none were left to claim it, because in that case it went to the relatives.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">(<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">Hall, Hubert\u2013Cunningham, W. \u2013Judd, James\u2013Hurst, George\u2013Clark, Hyde\u2013Browning, Oscar: The Imperial Policy of Elizabeth. From the State Papers, Foreign and Domestic. Discussion. Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 1886. Vol. 3. 232. Kiemel\u00e9s t\u0151lem.) <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote17anc\" name=\"sdendnote17sym\">xvii<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>\u201cElizabeth actually did not visit Tilbury, where Essex hastily had gathered an army of a few thousand, until the Armada was so crippled that invasion was impossible. There she exhibited a graciousness which aroused, in the camp, the highest loyalty and enthusiasm. But Elizabeth then was not the same woman she had been a few weeks before. As an extraordinary lack of ballads written about the Armada before the victory attests, the attack itself came as a surprise. The danger was really understood until it was past. As a result no adequate preparation was made to confront it, and England owed her escape to chance rather than to inspired leadership. The ships Elizabeth spared for the en- counter were small and few. They were provisioned inadequately, and every application for food and supplies met with the Queen&#8217;s resistance. The private liberality of the naval commanders alone kept the fleet at sea long enough to rout the Spaniards. And, when victory was won, the wounded sailors were allowed to die in the streets of the sea towns. Elizabeth identified herself with the venture only after the scope of the victory and its meaning to the future of England became clear.\u201d <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">(Mc Aleer, John J.: Ballads on the Spanish Armada. Texas Studies in Literature and Language 1963. Vol. 4, no. 4. 604\u2013605.)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote18anc\" name=\"sdendnote18sym\">xviii<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Parker, Geoffrey: If the Armada had Landed. History. 1976. Vol. 61, no. 203. 358<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">\u2013<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">368.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote19anc\" name=\"sdendnote19sym\">xix<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>\u201e[&#8230;] the Spanish army could not possibly have faced the combined armies of Leicester and Hunsdon outside of London before August 14. By that time the English forces would have numbered at least 46,000 men, having been reinforced by a further 17,000 due to arrive from the counties on August 12. Finally, this does not include the approximately 20,000 men from the southwest who, if they continued shadowing the Armada along the coast, would be approaching the area of battle by August 14, possibly even threatening Parma from the flank and rear. While the outcome of such a battle would have been far from certain, especially considering the dissension in the English command, the inexperience of the English troops, and the apparent awe in which the earl of Leicester held Parma, the Spanish army would have been attacking an army nearly twice its own size, a challenge that not many commanders as skilled as Parma would have cared to undertake. Boxed into Kent, Philip II&#8217;s general might have found that his master had led him into a trap, as English plans were laid to parry precisely the invasion that the Spanish military thinkers had conceived. Though the English were certainly fortunate that they avoided having to fight on their home soil in 1588, the Army of Flanders was equally fortunate to have avoided engaging in the repeated bloody assaults against numerically superior forces that would have resulted from a successful landing in Kent during August of 1588. While the queen\u2019s visit to Tilbury and the celebrations that followed focused popular attention on Leicester&#8217;s muster, they have obscured the more effective measures taken for the defense of England during the days of crisis. Hunsdon&#8217;s army and the forces on the South coast have been very nearly forgotten, lost in a pile of state papers and muster books. Even more surprising, the use of extensive planning to meet the challenge of invasion has been largely over-looked, despite the fact that it reflects the administrative skill of Elizabeth&#8217;s government. Always careful of excessive expenditure, the queen and her council had found a way to conserve resources, particularly precious financial resources, by avoiding early mobilization. While such &#8222;half measures&#8221; struck fear into the hearts of military men such as Norris, in the event they probably would have proved sufficient to meet the threat at hand. While some would call maintaining such a narrow margin of safety flirting with disaster, others would see it as case of tailoring the solution to fit the problem. By taking gambles such as this, Elizabeth was able to avoid the kind of financial disaster that eventually wrecked Philip II&#8217;s war effort.\u201d <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">(Nolan, John S.: The Muster of 1588. Albion: A Quarterly Journal Concerned with British Studies 1991. Vol. 23, no. 3. 406\u2013407.)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote20anc\" name=\"sdendnote20sym\">xx<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\">Younger, Neil: If the Armada Had Landed: A Reappraisal of England\u2019s Defences in 1588. History 2008. Vol. 93, no. 3. 328\u2013354. (<a href=\"https:\/\/classroom.kleinisd.net\/users\/1243\/docs\/if_the_armada_had_landed.pdf\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">https:\/\/classroom.kleinisd.net\/users\/1243\/docs\/if_the_armada_had_landed.pdf<\/span><\/a>)<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"sdendnote21\">\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a class=\"sdendnotesym\" href=\"#sdendnote21anc\" name=\"sdendnote21sym\">xxi<\/a> <span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>\u201eHas received advertisement from the States of the effect of his last letter to their honours; \u2018which is, that forasmuch as the occasion and hope the Spanish King had of the assistance of Scotland is now frustrated, and seeing that also her Majesty\u2019s forces, both by sea and land, are so great, the Duke of Parma determineth to attempt somewhat, either against these islands or some parts near unto us.\u2019 Therefore the States earnestly desire their honours to cause the ships sent for her Majesty\u2019s assistance to be sent back. They entreat her moreover to send some of her ships to lie in these parts for their better defence, and hope that she will aid them with her forces, if such necessity shall befal them. Is also to beseech their honours to have regard for the maintenance of the forces in this garrison, of which the States also seem to have care; \u2018and the rather for that some evil disposed people either in this town or in these parts may have some secret practices with the enemy [\u2026]\u201c<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"> (Sir William Russell to the Privy Council. Vlisshinge, 6 July, 1588. Signed. Add. Endd. Seal of arms. \u00bep. [Holland XXV. f. 25.] Interneten el\u00e9rhet\u0151: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.british-history.ac.uk\/cal-state-papers\/foreign\/vol22\/pp1-11\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">http:\/\/www.british-history.ac.uk\/cal-state-papers\/foreign\/vol22\/pp1-11<\/span> <\/a>Kiemel\u00e9sek t\u0151lem.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"sdendnote-western\" style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u201e<span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\"><i>Thanks him for several letters which he has written. Learns from them and others \u2018that the Duke of Parma aimeth at a far greater mark than the besieging of the town of Ostend, as namely, the conquest of this realm; so as you need not to stand in doubt of that place. But God be thanked, her Majesty hath put herself with her forces in that manner of readiness, and made herself so strong at sea, as that the Duke&#8217;s shipping dare not venture forth to the seas out of their havens, so as we need not to fear anything that will be attempted from thence. And for the navy of Spain, we have lately received advertisements that by reason of their great wants, as well of mariners as other necessary provision, but especially through the infection fallen amongst their men, they are forced to return back again and have dispersed themselves. Nevertheless, her Majesty meaneth to continue her fleet at sea under the Lord Admiral and Sir Francis Drake till the full certainty hereof may be known, and hath given order for the revictualling of them for a longer time.\u2019 [\u2026]\u201d <\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;\"><span lang=\"en-GB\">(Sir Francis Walsyngham to his cousin, Sir Edward Norris. From the Court at Richmond, 9 July, 1588. Signed. Add. Endd. 1 p. [Holland XXV. f. 42.] Interneten el\u00e9rhet\u0151: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.british-history.ac.uk\/cal-state-papers\/foreign\/vol22\/pp26-50\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">http:\/\/www.british-history.ac.uk\/cal-state-papers\/foreign\/vol22\/pp26-50<\/span><\/a> Kiemel\u00e9sek t\u0151lem.)<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/tudorsandotherhistories.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/08\/elizabeth-i-armada.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><strong>A nyit\u00f3k\u00e9pen: I. Erzs\u00e9bet Tilburyben<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Illik P\u00e9ter 1588-ban a II. F\u00fcl\u00f6p (1556\u20131598) spanyol kir\u00e1ly \u00e1ltal Anglia ellen k\u00fcld\u00f6tt nagy spanyol armada veres\u00e9get szenvedett. A t\u00f6rt\u00e9net \u00f6nmag\u00e1ban is \u00e9rdekes, azonban sz\u00e1mos mozzanata meghat\u00e1roz\u00f3 az angol eml\u00e9kezetpolitika \u00e9s nemzeti identit\u00e1s tekintet\u00e9ben.\u00a0Ezek egyike I. Erzs\u00e9bet besz\u00e9de Tilbury-ben. 1588. j\u00fanius-j\u00faliusban Nyugat-Tilbury-ben \u00f6sszegy\u0171lt egy hadsereg arra az esetre, ha a spanyolok partra sz\u00e1lln\u00e1nak.i Az ott l\u00e9v\u0151 hadparancsnok, Robert Dudley, Leicester earlje augusztus 5-\u00e9n (Old Style dat\u00e1l\u00e1s szerint, a szakirodalom \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem haszn\u00e1lja)ii I. Erzs\u00e9betnek k\u00fcld\u00f6tt levelet, amelyben k\u00e9rte a t\u00e1bor megl\u00e1togat\u00e1s\u00e1ra.iii A kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 augusztus 8-\u00e1n el is indult a t\u00e1borba&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4858,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,157],"tags":[386,81,548,270],"class_list":["post-4856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egyeb","category-kora_ujkor","tag-anglia","tag-haditengereszet","tag-i-erzsebet","tag-spanyolorszag"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4856"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4856\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4990,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4856\/revisions\/4990"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}