{"id":14765,"date":"2021-03-29T06:47:48","date_gmt":"2021-03-29T06:47:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/?p=14765"},"modified":"2021-03-29T06:47:48","modified_gmt":"2021-03-29T06:47:48","slug":"zeppelinek-budapesten-es-a-nagyvilagban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2021\/03\/29\/zeppelinek-budapesten-es-a-nagyvilagban\/","title":{"rendered":"Zeppelinek Budapesten \u00e9s a nagyvil\u00e1gban"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A rep\u00fcl\u00e9s v\u00e1gy j\u00f3form\u00e1n egyid\u0151s az emberis\u00e9ggel, viszont haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 (\u00e9s nem felt\u00e9tlen\u00fcl k\u00f6zvesz\u00e9lyes) megold\u00e1sra a 18. sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9g\u00e9ig v\u00e1rni kellett. Ekkor jelentek meg az els\u0151, \u00fczemszer\u0171 haszn\u00e1latra is alkalmas h\u0151l\u00e9gballonok (v\u00e1rosok bomb\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1ra ugyan m\u00e1r haszn\u00e1ltak kor\u00e1bban is ilyeneket, eleny\u00e9sz\u0151 hat\u00e9konys\u00e1ggal \u00e9s szem\u00e9lyzet n\u00e9lk\u00fcl), amelyeket azonban nem lehetett korm\u00e1nyozni. Az igazi \u00e1tt\u00f6r\u00e9st a kism\u00e9ret\u0171, de el\u00e9g er\u0151s bels\u0151 \u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 motorok megjelen\u00e9se hozta el, amelyek \u00faj korszakot nyitottak a l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3z\u00e1sban \u00e9s a merevsz\u00e1rny\u00fa rep\u00fcl\u00e9sben is. Mai k\u00e9pes cikk\u00fcnkben a korm\u00e1nyozhat\u00f3 l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k (pontosabban a zeppelinek) f\u00e9nykor\u00e1nak n\u00e9h\u00e1ny &#8211; els\u0151sorban magyarorsz\u00e1gi k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9s\u0171 &#8211; pillanat\u00e1t mutatjuk be.<\/p>\n<div class='code-block code-block-1' style='text-align: center; margin: 13px auto;'>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- oldalhirdet\u00e9s -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7971303320192828\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"5518896799\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A 19. sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9g\u00e9n\/20. sz\u00e1zad elej\u00e9n p\u00e1rhuzamosan zajlott a korm\u00e1nyozhat\u00f3 l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k \u00e9s <a href=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2018\/07\/24\/a-gerle-13-mint-propaganda-repulogep\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">merevsz\u00e1rny\u00fa rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9pek<\/span><\/a> feltal\u00e1l\u00e1sa \u00e9s fejleszt\u00e9se. Ezek mellett az\u00e9rt a &#8222;sima&#8221; h\u0151l\u00e9gballonokat sem hanyagolt\u00e1k el, azok k\u00f6t\u00f6tt v\u00e1ltozatait els\u0151sorban hadseregek haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k (pl. az amerikai polg\u00e1rh\u00e1bor\u00faban, de az els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00faban is) t\u00fcz\u00e9rs\u00e9gi megfigyel\u0151pontnak. A korm\u00e1nyozhat\u00f3 l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k ter\u00e9n \u00fatt\u00f6r\u0151 volt a n\u00e9met Ferdinand von Zeppelin gr\u00f3f, akir\u0151l a merev-v\u00e1zas, korm\u00e1nyozhat\u00f3 l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k nev\u00fcket is kapt\u00e1k. Az \u0151 \u00e9s t\u00e1rsai elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9se szerint az alum\u00ednium (k\u00e9s\u0151bb d\u00faralum\u00ednium) v\u00e1zszerkezetben t\u00f6bb hidrog\u00e9nnel (opcion\u00e1lisan h\u00e9liummal) t\u00f6lt\u00f6tt ballont helyeztek el, amik\u00a0 felhajt\u00f3er\u0151t biztos\u00edtott\u00e1k. G\u00e1zb\u00f3l jelent\u0151s mennyis\u00e9g kellett, \u00edgy m\u00e1r az els\u0151 zeppelinek is kb. 130 m\u00e9ter hossz\u00faak voltak. A v\u00e1z alj\u00e1ra-oldal\u00e1ra ker\u00fcltek a motorok, el\u0151re a parancsnoki gondola. K\u00e9s\u0151bb ebben kaptak helyet az utasok, az els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fa ut\u00e1ni zeppelinekn\u00e9l pedig az utast\u00e9r a v\u00e1zszerkezet als\u00f3 r\u00e9sz\u00e9re ker\u00fclt.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 799px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c6\/First_Zeppelin_ascent.jpg\/800px-First_Zeppelin_ascent.jpg\" alt=\"File:First Zeppelin ascent.jpg\" width=\"799\" height=\"522\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Az els\u0151 zeppelin (LZ-1, Luftschiff Zeppelin) els\u0151 rep\u00fcl\u00e9se a Bodeni t\u00f3 felett, 1900. j\u00falius 2. (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:First_Zeppelin_ascent.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Mindenk\u00e9pp \u00e9rdemes megeml\u00edteni a keszthelyi sz\u00fclet\u00e9s\u0171 Schwarz D\u00e1vidot, aki hasonl\u00f3 l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3t tervezett, csak \u00e9ppen nem v\u00e1szon, hanem alum\u00ednium bor\u00edt\u00e1ssal, ami al\u00e1 eredetileg nem tervezett k\u00fcl\u00f6n g\u00e1zallonokat. Az \u0151 l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3ja 1897-ben (m\u00e1s forr\u00e1sok szerint m\u00e1r 1896-ban) emelkedett leveg\u0151be, de az egyik teszt sor\u00e1n motorhiba miatt jav\u00edthatatlanul \u00f6sszet\u00f6rt. Az alum\u00ednium-bor\u00edt\u00e1st r\u00f6videsen elengedt\u00e9k, \u00e9s a v\u00e1szonburkolat\u00fa verzi\u00f3 lett egyeduralkod\u00f3. Az els\u0151 zeppelin 1900 j\u00falius\u00e1ban rep\u00fclt el\u0151sz\u00f6r, p\u00e1r \u00e9vvel k\u00e9s\u0151bb pedig m\u00e1r utassz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 j\u00e1ratok szelt\u00e9k (igaz, m\u00e9g nem menetrendszer\u0171en) a n\u00e9met \u00e9gboltot.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 747px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/16\/Zeppelin_LZ_4_with_stabilizers%2C_1908.jpg\" alt=\"File:Zeppelin LZ 4 with stabilizers, 1908.jpg\" width=\"747\" height=\"589\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges korm\u00e1nyfel\u00fcletekkel k\u00e9sz\u00fclt LZ-4-es 1908-ban. J\u00f3l megfigyelhet\u0151 a motorok \u00e9s gondol\u00e1k elhelyezked\u00e9se is. (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zeppelin_LZ_4_with_stabilizers,_1908.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A kor technikai szintj\u00e9n sok \u00e9rv sz\u00f3lt a l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k mellett; igaz, hogy hatalmas hang\u00e1rakat ig\u00e9nyeltek \u00e9s gy\u00e1rt\u00e1sukhoz is dr\u00e1ga nyersanyagok, illetve komolyan k\u00e9pzett munkaer\u0151 kellett, de sz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3kapacit\u00e1suk \u00e9s hat\u00f3t\u00e1vols\u00e1guk (nem besz\u00e9lve az utaskabinok luxus\u00e1r\u00f3l) nagys\u00e1grendekkel m\u00falta fel\u00fcl a korabeli rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9pek\u00e9t. Az els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00faban els\u0151sorban (haditenger\u00e9szeti) felder\u00edt\u00e9sre, illetve az ellens\u00e9ges h\u00e1torsz\u00e1gok (f\u0151leg Nagy-Britannia) elleni bombat\u00e1mad\u00e1sokra haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k \u0151ket a n\u00e9metek. A rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9pek legfeljebb p\u00e1r sz\u00e1z kil\u00f3s hasznos terh\u00e9vel szemben a l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k ak\u00e1r 4 tonna bomb\u00e1t (kb. mint egy m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fas neh\u00e9zbomb\u00e1z\u00f3) is sz\u00e1ll\u00edthattak, t\u00f6bb ezer kilom\u00e9terre is. Londonban s\u00falyos k\u00e1rokat okoztak a &#8222;hal\u00e1los szivarok&#8221;, f\u0151leg, hogy sem \u00e9rdemi l\u00e9gv\u00e9delem, sem l\u00e9goltalom\/polg\u00e1ri v\u00e9delem nem l\u00e9tezett a h\u00e1bor\u00fa els\u0151 \u00e9veiben (ezeket nagyr\u00e9szt pont a zeppelint\u00e1mad\u00e1sok miatt hozt\u00e1k l\u00e9tre). Mivel addig a h\u00e1torsz\u00e1got, f\u0151leg nem civil c\u00e9lpontokat <a href=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2019\/11\/30\/magyarorszag-bombazasanak-eselyei-1943-soran\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">nem nagyon \u00e9rt\u00e9k t\u00e1mad\u00e1sok<\/span><\/a> (a britek k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen j\u00f3 helyzetben voltak ilyen szempontb\u00f3l), a lakoss\u00e1got \u00e9rthet\u0151en sokkolta a bomb\u00e1z\u00e1s, \u00e9s sokszor a zeppelin eml\u00edt\u00e9se is p\u00e1nikot okozott.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 367px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e2\/The_End_of_the_%27Baby-Killer%27.png\/367px-The_End_of_the_%27Baby-Killer%27.png\" alt=\"File:The End of the 'Baby-Killer'.png\" width=\"367\" height=\"600\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>A &#8222;csecsem\u0151gyilkos&#8221; v\u00e9gzete;<\/em> brit propagandaplak\u00e1t, zuhan\u00f3 zeppelinnel, 1916. A plak\u00e1tot az SL-11 lel\u00f6v\u00e9se &#8222;ihlette&#8221;, ami\u00e9rt a gy\u0151zelmes pil\u00f3t\u00e1t Victoria-kereszttel (a legrangosabb brit kit\u00fcntet\u00e9s) t\u00fcntett\u00e9k ki. (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_End_of_the_%27Baby-Killer%27.png\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">L\u00f6vegekkel a kor t\u0171zvezet\u00e9s\u00e9vel (f\u0151leg \u00e9jjel) m\u00e9g az ak\u00e1r 200 m\u00e9teres l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3kat sem volt k\u00f6nny\u0171 eltal\u00e1lni, a vad\u00e1szg\u00e9peknek pedig a zeppelinek nagy rep\u00fcl\u00e9si magass\u00e1ga (ami a bomb\u00e1z\u00e1s pontoss\u00e1g\u00e1t is rontotta) \u00e9s komoly v\u00e9d\u0151fegyverzete okozott gondot. A technikai fejl\u0151d\u00e9s azonban a rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9pekn\u00e9l sokkal gyorsabb volt (r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul a zeppelinek nagyr\u00e9szt el\u00e9rt\u00e9k korl\u00e1taikat, hi\u00e1ba fejlesztett\u00e9k \u0151ket folyamatosan, t\u00f6bbek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt J\u00e1ray P\u00e1l rep\u00fcl\u0151m\u00e9rn\u00f6k is); az \u00fajabb vad\u00e1szok gyorsabban \u00e9s magasabbra tudtak emelkedni, r\u00e1ad\u00e1sul 1916 \u0151sz\u00e9re sp\u00e9ci gy\u00fajt\u00f3l\u00f6ved\u00e9keket is kifejlesztettek g\u00e9ppusk\u00e1ikhoz, amikkel k\u00f6nnyebben l\u00e1ngra tudt\u00e1k lobbantani a gy\u00fal\u00e9kony hidrog\u00e9nt. Kisebb m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben a britek, franci\u00e1k \u00e9s olaszok is haszn\u00e1ltak l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3kat, els\u0151sorban felder\u00edt\u00e9sre. Olaszorsz\u00e1gban a f\u00e9lmerev szerkezet\u0171 verzi\u00f3t haszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k (aminek csak gerince volt, nem teljes bels\u0151 v\u00e1za), els\u0151sorban osztr\u00e1k-magyar haditenger\u00e9szeti c\u00e9lok ellen; \u0151k is hamar r\u00e1j\u00f6ttek, hogy j\u00f3l v\u00e9dett c\u00e9lok ellen <span style=\"color: #800000;\">igen kock\u00e1zatos bevetni a lass\u00fa \u00f3ri\u00e1sokat<\/span>.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 552px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1e\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_102-00834%2C_Friedrichshafen%2C_Luftschiff_Graf_Zeppelin.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"552\" height=\"800\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">1928, Friedrichshafen, \u00e9p\u00fcl az LZ-127 Graf Zeppelin. J\u00f3l megfigyelhet\u0151 a v\u00e1zszerkezet \u00e9s az elk\u00e9peszt\u0151 m\u00e9retek. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bild.bundesarchiv.de\/dba\/de\/search\/?query=Bild+102-00834\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Bundesarchiv Bild 102-00834<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A h\u00e1bor\u00fat lez\u00e1r\u00f3 b\u00e9keszerz\u0151d\u00e9sek megtiltott\u00e1k N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gnak katonai rep\u00fcl\u0151eszk\u00f6z\u00f6k \u00fczemeltet\u00e9s\u00e9t; b\u00e1r a gazdas\u00e1gi neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gek is h\u00e1tr\u00e1ltatt\u00e1k, a civil zeppelinek gy\u00e1rt\u00e1sa r\u00f6videsen \u00faj lend\u00fcletet kapott. Ehhez nem kellett m\u00e1s, mint hogy amerikai p\u00e9nzemberek \u00e9s a haditenger\u00e9szet is fant\u00e1zi\u00e1t l\u00e1sson a zeppelinekben. A brit \u00e9s francia katonai zeppelin-program p\u00e1r \u00e9v ut\u00e1n abbamaradt (nagyr\u00e9szt katasztr\u00f3f\u00e1k hat\u00e1s\u00e1ra), \u00e9s a civil l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3z\u00e1sba sem t\u00f6rtek be, az amerikai-n\u00e9met egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s viszont elhozta a rep\u00fcl\u0151 szivarok f\u00e9nykor\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fortepan.download\/_photo\/1600\/fortepan_15760.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1076\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Graf Zeppelin B\u00e9cs felett (balra a Stefanskirche tornya) 1931-ben. (Saly No\u00e9mi\/FORTEPAN,15760)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k j\u00f3 alternat\u00edv\u00e1t jelentettek a transzatlanti \u00e1tkel\u00e9sekn\u00e9l, persze csak azoknak, akik meg tudt\u00e1k fizetni. A haj\u00f3kn\u00e1l gyorsabbak voltak (\u00edgy is kb. 4 napba ker\u00fclt az \u00e1tkel\u00e9s), \u00e9s j\u00f3form\u00e1n minden luxussal rendelkeztek, amire egy korabeli el\u0151kel\u0151s\u00e9g v\u00e1gyhatott. A haj\u00f3k ugyanakkor sz\u00e9lesebb t\u00f6megeknek voltak el\u00e9rhet\u0151k (a zeppelineken nem volt &#8222;turistaoszt\u00e1ly), nem besz\u00e9lve a sz\u00e1ll\u00edthat\u00f3 szem\u00e9lyekr\u0151l (a legnagyobb LZ-129 Hindenburg is max. 70 utast sz\u00e1ll\u00edthatott, \u00e1tlag 40 f\u0151s szem\u00e9lyzet mellett) \u00e9s \u00e1rucikkekr\u0151l.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 740px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/a\/a8\/Uss_los_angeles_airship_over_Manhattan.jpg\" alt=\"File:Uss los angeles airship over Manhattan.jpg\" width=\"740\" height=\"580\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A n\u00e9metek \u00e1ltal, h\u00e1bor\u00fas j\u00f3v\u00e1t\u00e9telk\u00e9nt \u00e9p\u00edtett USS Los Angeles Manhattan felett, 1930. (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Uss_los_angeles_airship_over_Manhattan.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k viszont el\u00e9rhettek sz\u00e1razf\u00f6ld belsej\u00e9ben l\u00e9v\u0151 c\u00e9lokat is, \u00e9s emellett komoly propaganda\u00e9rt\u00e9kkel is b\u00edrtak. Egy zeppelin megjelen\u00e9se mindenhol l\u00e1tv\u00e1nyoss\u00e1g volt, megtekintett\u00e9k az adott orsz\u00e1g vezet\u0151i\/h\u00edress\u00e9gei \u00e9s hetekig cikkeztek r\u00f3la az \u00fajs\u00e1gok. Nem v\u00e9letlen, hogy a Hindenburg katasztr\u00f3f\u00e1ja lett az egyik els\u0151, amit \u00e9l\u0151ben k\u00f6zvet\u00edtettek, ugyanis egy landol\u00e1s \u00f6nmag\u00e1ban akkora szenz\u00e1ci\u00f3nak sz\u00e1m\u00edtott, hogy kivonult r\u00e1 a sajt\u00f3. Mindezt a n\u00e9metek remek\u00fcl kihaszn\u00e1lt\u00e1k a Nagy H\u00e1bor\u00faban megt\u00e9p\u00e1zott renom\u00e9juk helyre\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra (majd 1933-t\u00f3l a n\u00e1ci p\u00e1rt eszm\u00e9inek, fels\u0151bbrend\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9nek hirdet\u00e9s\u00e9re is). Mivel a gy\u00e1rt\u00e1s \u00e9s \u00fczemeltet\u00e9s igen k\u00f6lts\u00e9ges volt, a jegyelad\u00e1s mellett folyamatosan kerestek befektet\u0151ket, illetve nagyon j\u00f3 p\u00e9nz\u00e9rt lehetett eladni a zeppelineken leb\u00e9lyegzett k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges postai k\u00fcldem\u00e9nyeket is.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 342px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/9a\/The_Empire_State_Building_by_Glenn_Odem_Coleman%2C_oil_on_canvas.jpg\/342px-The_Empire_State_Building_by_Glenn_Odem_Coleman%2C_oil_on_canvas.jpg\" alt=\"File:The Empire State Building by Glenn Odem Coleman, oil on canvas.jpg\" width=\"342\" height=\"600\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Az Empire State Building (m\u00e9g a &#8222;t\u00fcske&#8221; n\u00e9lk\u00fcl) egy haditenger\u00e9szeti zeppelinnel Glenn Coleman olajfestm\u00e9ny\u00e9n (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:The_Empire_State_Building_by_Glenn_Odem_Coleman,_oil_on_canvas.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Amerik\u00e1ban annyira hossz\u00fa t\u00e1von terveztek a l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3kkal, hogy Lakehurstben komoly zeppelin \u00e9p\u00edt\u0151 \u00e9s kik\u00f6t\u0151 \u00e9p\u00fclt ki (amit a haditenger\u00e9szet \u00fczemeltetett), az 1931-ben \u00e1tadott Empire State Building &#8222;t\u00fcsk\u00e9j\u00e9re&#8221; is zeppelin-kik\u00f6t\u0151t terveztek. Persze azt\u00e1n hamar r\u00e1j\u00f6ttek, hogy ez annyira nem j\u00f3 \u00f6tlet, ugyanis a j\u00f3form\u00e1n \u00e1lland\u00f3, er\u0151s sz\u00e9lben igencsak vesz\u00e9lyes lett volna a hatalmas szivarokkal egy s\u0171r\u0171n lakott v\u00e1ros felett man\u0151verezni. A zeppelinek am\u00fagy is igen \u00e9rz\u00e9kenyek voltak az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1sra, a legt\u00f6bb baleset\/katasztr\u00f3fa erre volt visszavezethet\u0151. Hirtelen sz\u00e9lir\u00e1ny-v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1skor a hatalmas haj\u00f3test sokszor elvesztette man\u0151verez\u0151k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t, t\u00f6bb alkalommal pedig durv\u00e1bb j\u00e9ges\u0151 rong\u00e1lta meg a szerkezeteket; a viharz\u00f3n\u00e1k kiker\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9re t\u00f6bbnyire nem volt lehet\u0151s\u00e9g, ahogy arra sem, hogy felett\u00fck rep\u00fcljenek \u00e1t; a hermetiz\u00e1lt utaster\u0171 g\u00e9pekre m\u00e9g sokat kellett v\u00e1rni.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 470px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/4e\/Zr3nearvertical.jpg\/470px-Zr3nearvertical.jpg\" alt=\"File:Zr3nearvertical.jpg\" width=\"470\" height=\"599\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">1927. augusztus 25-\u00e9n, az oszlophoz kik\u00f6t\u00f6tt USS Los Angelest k\u00f6zel f\u00fcgg\u0151legesre emelte egy sz\u00e9lroham. Noha k\u00e1r nem esett, a k\u00e9p j\u00f3l mutatja, hogy mennyire \u00e9rz\u00e9kenyek a zeppelinek az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1sra. (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zr3nearvertical.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A m\u00e1sik &#8222;Achilles-sarok&#8221; maga a (fel)hajt\u00f3anyag, a gy\u00fal\u00e9kony hidrog\u00e9n volt, ami ha egyszer t\u00fczet fogott, es\u00e9lytelen volt eloltani. Az amerikai haditenger\u00e9szet nem v\u00e9letlen\u00fcl haszn\u00e1lt h\u00e9liumos l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3kat (\u00edgy is nagyon sok zuhant le), viszont ebb\u0151l az anyag\u00f3l csak \u0151k rendelkeztek elegend\u0151 mennyis\u00e9ggel, export\u00e1lni pedig tilos volt. Az USA haditenger\u00e9szete el\u00e9g sok\u00e1ig haszn\u00e1lt l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3kat; egy ideig k\u00eds\u00e9rletezgettek a rep\u00fcl\u0151 rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9phordoz\u00f3 koncepci\u00f3val, vagyis hogy zeppelinr\u0151l induljanak\/oda \u00e9rkezzenek a vad\u00e1szrep\u00fcl\u0151k (hasonl\u00f3t l\u00e1thatunk az <em>Indiana Jones \u00e9s az utols\u00f3 kereszteslovag<\/em> c. filmben, csak n\u00e9met r\u00e9szr\u0151l &#8211; \u0151k nem jutottak t\u00fal n\u00e9h\u00e1ny tesztind\u00edt\u00e1son). A m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00faban tengeralattj\u00e1r\u00f3vad\u00e1szatra vetettek be blimpeket, vagyis v\u00e1z n\u00e9lk\u00fcli l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3kat, amiknek a szil\u00e1rds\u00e1g\u00e1t a benn\u00fck l\u00e9v\u0151 g\u00e1z biztos\u00edtotta.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0640%2C_Luftschiff_Hindenburg_%28LZ-129%29%2C_Speisesaal.jpg\/800px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_147-0640%2C_Luftschiff_Hindenburg_%28LZ-129%29%2C_Speisesaal.jpg\" alt=\"File:Bundesarchiv Bild 147-0640, Luftschiff Hindenburg (LZ-129), Speisesaal.jpg\" width=\"800\" height=\"558\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Hindenburg b\u00e9kebeli hangulat\u00fa eb\u00e9dl\u0151je; a fed\u00e9lzeten volt zongora \u00e9s t\u00falnyom\u00e1sos doh\u00e1nyz\u00f3 is. (Budesarchiv Bild 147-0640)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A zeppelinek aranykor\u00e1nak v\u00e9g\u00e9t az LZ-129 Hindenburg katasztr\u00f3f\u00e1ja jelentette. A valaha \u00e9p\u00fclt legnagyobb rep\u00fcl\u0151 szerkezet 245,3 m\u00e9ter hossz\u00fa (\u00f6sszevet\u00e9sk\u00e9nt: a L\u00e1nch\u00edd 380 m\u00e9ter, a Parlament 268 m\u00e9ter) , 41,2 m\u00e9ter \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151j\u0171 volt, 200 000 k\u00f6bm\u00e9ter befogad\u00f3k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u0171 &#8222;szivarral&#8221;. 1931 \u00e9s 1936 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, \u00e9s 1937. m\u00e1jus 6-\u00e1n, kik\u00f6t\u00e9s k\u00f6zben semmis\u00fclt meg Lakehurstben. Ahogy eml\u00edtett\u00fck, a trag\u00e9di\u00e1r\u00f3l \u00e9l\u0151ben tud\u00f3s\u00edtott a r\u00e1di\u00f3, \u00e9s a helysz\u00ednen l\u00e9v\u0151 rengeteg fot\u00f3snak \u00e9s n\u00e9gy filmh\u00edrad\u00f3-st\u00e1bnak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en sz\u00e1mos f\u00e9nyk\u00e9p, filmfelv\u00e9tel is k\u00e9sz\u00fclt. A lenti vide\u00f3n az is l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy mennyire neh\u00e9z volt (pl\u00e1ne sz\u00e9lben) a kik\u00f6t\u0151toronyhoz man\u0151verezni a hatalmas l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3t, m\u00e9g akkor is, ha a gondol\u00e1kb\u00f3l lebocs\u00e1tott k\u00f6teleket \u00f6nk\u00e9ntesek sz\u00e1zai tartott\u00e1k.<\/p>\n<div style=\"width: 640px;\" class=\"wp-video\"><video class=\"wp-video-shortcode\" id=\"video-14765-1\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" preload=\"metadata\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"video\/webm\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e4\/1937-05-10_Special_Release_-_Zeppelin_Explodes_Scores_Dead.ogv\/1937-05-10_Special_Release_-_Zeppelin_Explodes_Scores_Dead.ogv.480p.vp9.webm?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e4\/1937-05-10_Special_Release_-_Zeppelin_Explodes_Scores_Dead.ogv\/1937-05-10_Special_Release_-_Zeppelin_Explodes_Scores_Dead.ogv.480p.vp9.webm\">https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e4\/1937-05-10_Special_Release_-_Zeppelin_Explodes_Scores_Dead.ogv\/1937-05-10_Special_Release_-_Zeppelin_Explodes_Scores_Dead.ogv.480p.vp9.webm<\/a><\/video><\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A trag\u00e9di\u00e1t, amelyben a fed\u00e9lzeten tart\u00f3zkod\u00f3 36 utasb\u00f3l 13, \u00e9s a 61 f\u0151s szem\u00e9lyzetb\u0151l 22 f\u0151, valamint egy, a kik\u00f6t\u00e9sben seg\u00e9dkez\u0151 f\u00f6ldi \u00f6nk\u00e9ntes vesztette \u00e9let\u00e9t, a hidrog\u00e9n begyullad\u00e1sa okozta. Hogy ehhez mi vezetett, a mai napig tal\u00e1lgat\u00e1sok t\u00e1rgy\u00e1t k\u00e9pezik; felmer\u00fclt kommunista\/n\u00e1ciellenes szabot\u00e1zs, vill\u00e1mcsap\u00e1s, statikus elektromoss\u00e1g, r\u00f6vidz\u00e1rlat \u00e9s motorhiba is. (A katasztr\u00f3f\u00e1r\u00f3l remek \u00f6sszefoglal\u00f3 olvashat\u00f3 az Aranysas 2021\/3. sz\u00e1m\u00e1ban.) Annyi bizonyos, hogy ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en bel\u00e1tt\u00e1k, hogy a hidrog\u00e9nnel t\u00f6lt\u00f6tt l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k alkalmatlanok a rendszeres haszn\u00e1latra; a Hindenburg testv\u00e9rhaj\u00f3ja, a Graf Zeppelin II mind\u00f6ssze kb. 900 kilom\u00e9tert rep\u00fclt, N\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gon bel\u00fcl, majd n\u00e9h\u00e1ny felder\u00edt\u0151-bevet\u00e9st hajtott v\u00e9gre a m\u00e1sodik vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00faban. A Hindenburg pusztul\u00e1s\u00e1ig a legt\u00f6bb amerikai zeppelin is megsemmis\u00fclt vagy kivon\u00e1sra ker\u00fclt. Vil\u00e1goss\u00e1 v\u00e1lt, hogy civil forgalomban nem gazdas\u00e1gosak, \u00e9s katonai vonalon sem versenyezhetnek az egyre modernebb rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9pekkel. A 30-as \u00e9vek v\u00e9g\u00e9re ugyanis elterjedtek a transzatlanti utakat helyb\u0151l, vagy legfeljebb egy meg\u00e1ll\u00f3val v\u00e9grehajtani k\u00e9pes utasg\u00e9pek. B\u00e1r ezek kevesebb utast sz\u00e1ll\u00edthattak (j\u00f3val alacsonyabb komfortfokozaton), gyorsabbnak \u00e9s \u00fczembiztosabbnak bizonyultak.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/46\/Zeppelin_bij_Empire_State_Building_in_aanbouw_-_Zeppelin_near_the_Empire_State_Building_under_construction_%286943970242%29.jpg\/450px-Zeppelin_bij_Empire_State_Building_in_aanbouw_-_Zeppelin_near_the_Empire_State_Building_under_construction_%286943970242%29.jpg\" alt=\"File:Zeppelin bij Empire State Building in aanbouw - Zeppelin near the Empire State Building under construction (6943970242).jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Az \u00e9p\u00fcl\u0151 Empire State Building, felette a USS Los Angeles \u00e9s egy J-oszt\u00e1ly\u00fa blimp 1930-ban. (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Zeppelin_bij_Empire_State_Building_in_aanbouw_-_Zeppelin_near_the_Empire_State_Building_under_construction_(6943970242).jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ugorjunk vissza 1931 m\u00e1rcius\u00e1ba, amikor m\u00e9g t\u00f6retlennek l\u00e1tszott\u00a0 zeppelinek karrierje; az \u00e9gbolt kir\u00e1lyn\u0151je (\u00edgy nevezt\u00e9k az \u00f3ri\u00e1sokat az amerikai sajt\u00f3an) akkor az LZ-127 Graf Zeppelin volt. A 236,6 m\u00e9ter hossz\u00fa, 30,5 m\u00e9ter \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151j\u0171 \u00f3ri\u00e1s 36 f\u0151s szem\u00e9lyzettel 20 utast sz\u00e1ll\u00edthatott, legfeljebb 128 km\/\u00f3r\u00e1s sebess\u00e9ggel, hat\u00f3t\u00e1vols\u00e1ga 10 000 kilom\u00e9ter volt. A Graf Zeppelin elk\u00e9peszt\u0151en kalandos p\u00e1ly\u00e1t futott be, ugyanakkor l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3-m\u00e9rt\u00e9kkel n\u00e9zve \u00f6regen, b\u00e1rmilyen baleset\/katasztr\u00f3fa n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, az utols\u00f3 merev-v\u00e1zas l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k\u00e9nt vonulhatott &#8222;nyugd\u00edjba&#8221;. 1928 \u00e9s 1937 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt megtett 1,7 milli\u00f3 kilom\u00e9tert, 1929-ben els\u0151 l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k\u00e9nt ker\u00fclte meg a F\u00f6ldet (kb. 21 nap alatt, t\u00f6bb lesz\u00e1ll\u00e1ssal-m\u0171szaki pihen\u0151vel, de \u00edgy is gyorsas\u00e1gi rekordot \u00e1ll\u00edtott be), j\u00e1rt a tengerszint alatt (a Holt-tenger felett rep\u00fclve), D\u00e9l-Amerik\u00e1ban, \u00c1zsi\u00e1ban \u00e9s az \u00c9szaki-sarkon is. V\u00e9g\u00fcl 1940-ben bontott\u00e1k le.<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/asset.museum-digital.org\/hu-bu\/images\/201508\/07124855305.jpg\" alt=\"Az LZ127 Graf Zeppelin Budapesten (Magyar M\u0171szaki \u00e9s K\u00f6zleked\u00e9si M\u00fazeum RR-F)\" width=\"742\" height=\"557\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Lesz\u00e1ll\u00e1shoz k\u00e9sz\u00fcl\u0151dik a Graf Zeppelin Csepelen, el\u0151t\u00e9rben lovasrend\u0151r\u00f6k biztos\u00edtanak. (<a href=\"https:\/\/bu.hu.museum-digital.org\/index.php?t=objekt&amp;oges=24709\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Magyar M\u0171szaki \u00e9s K\u00f6zleked\u00e9si M\u00fazeum T\u00f6rt\u00e9neti f\u00e9nyk\u00e9pek gy\u0171jtem\u00e9nye, KT-10390-I<\/span><\/a>)<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Magyarorsz\u00e1g felett el\u0151sz\u00f6r 1929-ben rep\u00fclt \u00e1t, k\u00e9tszer is, de ekkor m\u00e9g nem k\u00f6t\u00f6tt ki, csak postacsomagot dobott le Budapest felett. Az igazs\u00e1g pillanata v\u00e9g\u00fcl 1931. m\u00e1rcius 29-\u00e9n j\u00f6tt el: ekkor sz\u00e1llt le a csepeli <a href=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2017\/02\/05\/rakosi-matyas-occse-biro-ferenc-karrierje-az-1940-es-evek-masodik-feleben\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Weiss Manfr\u00e9d gy\u00e1r<\/span><\/a> repter\u00e9n (Budapest akkor egyed\u00fcli <a href=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2018\/04\/22\/a-budaorsi-legihaboru-repteravato-repulonap\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">k\u00f6zforgalmi reptere<\/span> <\/a>M\u00e1ty\u00e1sf\u00f6ld\u00f6n t\u00fal kicsi \u00e9s t\u00fal zs\u00fafolt volt) a Graf Zeppelin, amely el\u0151z\u0151 este indult Friedrichshafenb\u0151l. A 12 (m\u00e1s forr\u00e1sok szerint 14) utas k\u00f6z\u00f6tt volt <a href=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2017\/02\/16\/a-seriff-a-boszorkany-texas-sarga-rozsaja-es-az-elso-ferrari\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Horthy Istv\u00e1n<\/span><\/a>, a korm\u00e1nyz\u00f3 fia (aki g\u00e9p\u00e9szm\u00e9rn\u00f6k v\u00e9gzetts\u00e9ggel \u00e9s komoly rep\u00fcl\u0151m\u00falttal rendelkezett m\u00e1r akkor), Alm\u00e1sy L\u00e1szl\u00f3 (az &#8222;angol beteg&#8221;, Afrika-kutat\u00f3, felfedez\u0151, els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fas veter\u00e1n pil\u00f3ta) \u00e9s Karinthy Frigyes is. Az \u00fatra egyetlen h\u00f6lgy, Bethlen P\u00e1l Andorn\u00e9 v\u00e1llalkozott.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fortepan.download\/_photo\/1600\/fortepan_47420.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1081\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kik\u00f6t\u00e9sre k\u00e9sz\u00fcl a zeppelin, el\u0151t\u00e9ren \u00fczemanyagsz\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00f3 tart\u00e1lyok, kicsivel h\u00e1tr\u00e9bb a lovasrend\u0151r\u00f6k. (Szinnay G\u00e1bor\/Fortepan, 47420)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Az orsz\u00e1g, term\u00e9szetesen els\u0151sorban Budapest m\u00e1r napokkal-hetekkel kor\u00e1bban zeppelin-l\u00e1zban \u00e9gett. Az \u00e9rkez\u00e9s napj\u00e1n a Beszk\u00e1rt (a korabeli BKV) k\u00fcl\u00f6nj\u00e1ratokat ind\u00edtott a csepeli rept\u00e9rre, ahol ideiglenes ment\u0151\u00e1llom\u00e1st is l\u00e9tes\u00edtettek, \u00e9s k\u00e9t postahivatal is \u00fczemelt, ahol k\u00fcl\u00f6nleges b\u00e9lyegz\u0151vel l\u00e1tt\u00e1k el a zeppelines-b\u00e9lyegeket (eml\u00e9kb\u00e9lyegeket k\u00e9s\u0151bb is kiadtak, ma is n\u00e9pszer\u0171ek).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_14772\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14772\" style=\"width: 511px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-14772 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Zepp_Magyarsag310325_21.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"511\" height=\"402\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Zepp_Magyarsag310325_21.png 511w, https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Zepp_Magyarsag310325_21-300x236.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 511px) 100vw, 511px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-14772\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sajt\u00f3ban el\u0151re hirdett\u00e9k az utaz\u00e1st, jegyet b\u00e1rki vehetett (Magyars\u00e1g, 1931. m\u00e1rcius 25. 21. o.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A f\u0151v\u00e1ros magasabb pontjait \u00e9s h\u00e1ztet\u0151it megsz\u00e1llt\u00e1k az \u00e9rdekl\u0151d\u0151k; a f\u00e9nyk\u00e9pek tan\u00fas\u00e1ga szerint val\u00f3ban pomp\u00e1s l\u00e1tv\u00e1nyban volt r\u00e9sz\u00fck. A 8 \u00d3rai Ujs\u00e1g m\u00e1rcius 31-i cikke szerint mintegy 30 000 ember volt jelen a kik\u00f6t\u00e9sn\u00e9l, akiket k. 2000 rend\u0151r pr\u00f3b\u00e1lt meg kord\u00e1ban tartani. A rajong\u00f3k ugyanis\u00a0 mindk\u00e9t landol\u00e1sn\u00e1l \u00e1tt\u00f6rt\u00e9k a kordont; Bethlen Istv\u00e1n minisztereln\u00f6k, akinek szint\u00e9n jegye volt a magyarorsz\u00e1gi k\u00f6rt\u00far\u00e1ra, a tobz\u00f3d\u00f3 t\u00f6meget l\u00e1tva ink\u00e1bb hazament.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"13.699055699627921\">&#8222;A <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"34.94546453940693\">Blaha <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"64.6741769083324\">Lujza-t\u00e9ren <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"14.403655992783857\">\u00e9s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"10.270904273311535\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"78.04803247265755\">Bor\u00e1ros-t\u00e9ren, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"45.81256906077348\">ahonnan <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"17.113657120306687\">az <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"62.2893759161123\">aut\u00f3buszok <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"69.89092907881385\">k\u00fcl\u00f6nj\u00e1ratai <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"49.281370504002695\">indultak <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"38.00776581350773\">Csepel <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"24.918460367572447\">fel\u00e9, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"25.311410531063256\">m\u00e1r <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"21.61225899199459\">h\u00e9t <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"21.544508963806518\">\u00f3ra <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"37.614815650016915\">t\u00e1jban <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"68.8440128537603\">\u00e9letvesz\u00e9lyes <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"12.117983989175782\">vo<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"12.849684293606947\">lt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"11.270752057729169\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"44.73641334987034\">tolong\u00e1s.<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"46.855919494869774\">Talpon <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"44.49821851392491\">voltak <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"22.967259555756005\">az <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"41.788217386402074\">\u00f6sszes <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"66.04272747773142\">taxisoff\u00f6r\u00f6k <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"14.688206111173752\">is <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"15.406356409967305\">\u00e9s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"8.875253692637276\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"37.03216540759951\">t\u00f6meg <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"77.42473221332732\">aut\u00f3buszokon, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"77.99383245010712\">villanyosokon, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"47.93991994587891\">taxikon, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"20.270808433870787\">ma<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"75.32448133949713\">g\u00e1naut\u00f3kon, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"115.37829800428457\">motorker\u00e9kp\u00e1rokon, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"25.31141053106326\">de <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"45.81256906077349\">sokezren <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"28.102711692411773\">m\u00e9g <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"80.44638347051529\">gyalogszerrel <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"21.530958958168906\">is <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"63.68502649678656\">nekiv\u00e1gtak <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"13.699055699627918\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"54.09162250535575\">Soroks\u00e1ri- <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"31.0972629383245\">\u00fat\u00f3n. <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.810012402751155\">Nem <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"22.953709550118393\">telt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"25.96181080166874\">bele <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"23.969959972939453\">egy <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"21.612258991994587\">\u00f3ra <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"10.623204419889504\">s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"31.774763220205212\">m\u00e1ris <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"59.74268801443229\">\u00f6sszetorl\u00f3d<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"22.618525200135306\">tak <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"11.61734693877551\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"54.787664900214224\">j\u00e1rm\u00fcvek <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.447728041492844\">azon <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"11.61734693877551\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.10113316044651\">sz\u0171k <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"20.25654527004172\">kis <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"36.9572837974969\">h\u00eddon, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"36.3026045777427\">amely <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"6.418423723080393\">a<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"75.95562633893339\">Soroks\u00e1ri\u00e9it <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"43.51691284248506\">\u00e9szaki <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"54.428233171721736\">r\u00e9sz\u00e9r\u0151l <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"39.357774269928974\">vezet <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"45.17286616303981\">Csepelre.<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"58.22437422482806\">Aut\u00f3busz- <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"16.747806968091105\">\u00e9s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"61.991275792084785\">aut\u00f3utasok <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"75.69033149171273\">kilom\u00e9tereket <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"48.30577009809448\">gyalogol<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"25.32496053670087\">tak, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"31.16501296651257\">am\u00edg <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"93.76603901229002\">megpr\u00f3b\u00e1lhatt\u00e1k <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"11.978204983650919\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"48.563220205209156\">bejut\u00e1st <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"12.696355282444472\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"36.67986526102153\">rep\u00fcl\u0151<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"34.52541436464089\">t\u00e9rre, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"28.820861991205327\">ahol <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"97.8581407148495\">v\u00e9geredm\u00e9nyben <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"65.05357706618558\">k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"34.904814522494085\">30.000 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"36.950865373773816\">ember <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"56.09702333972263\">szorongott.&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"11.341354718683053\">Ugyanott olvashat\u00f3, hogy milyen hat\u00e1ssal volt a &#8222;rep\u00fcl szivar&#8221; a v\u00e1ros azon lak\u00f3ira is, akik nem a rept\u00e9ren nyomorogtak:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"11.341354718683053\">&#8222;&#8230;a <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"48.02121997970459\">Zeppelin<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"64.05087664900215\">alacsonyan <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"46.92366952305785\">elrep\u00fclt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"10.9077545382794\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"16.503906866614052\">f\u0151<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"34.240864246250986\">v\u00e1ros <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"39.362766377269146\">f\u00f6l\u00f6tt, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"63.96957661517645\">minden\u00fctt, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"43.86136824895704\">amerre <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"52.00492163716316\">elhaladt, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"27.113561280865945\">meg<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"37.64191566129214\">akadt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"17.764057390912168\">az <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"36.28691509753072\">utc\u00e1k <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"60.270425076107806\">forgalma, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"28.37371180516406\">ezer <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"17.479507272522273\">\u00e9s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.105412109595225\">ezer <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"36.62566523847108\">ember <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"43.08901792761304\">rohant <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"17.831807419100237\">ki <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"13.699055699627918\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"54.76912278723645\">h\u00e1zakb\u00f3l <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"19.539108129439622\">az <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"44.13236836170933\">utc\u00e1ra, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"19.82365824782952\">\u2014 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"37.65546566692976\">v\u00e9gre <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"11.937554966738078\">is <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"64.33542676739202\">\u00e9szakkeleti <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"54.471022663208934\">ir\u00e1nyban <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"37.94001578531966\">elt\u0171nt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"13.062205434660052\">a <\/span><\/em><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"48.92907035742474\"><em>l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3.&#8221;[1]<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<figure style=\"width: 1600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fortepan.download\/_photo\/1600\/fortepan_47421.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1087\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u00e1r majdnem a f\u00f6ld\u00f6n (Szinnay G\u00e1bor\/Fortepan, 47421)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A zeppelin kik\u00f6t\u00e9s\u00e9hez 250 ut\u00e1szkaton\u00e1t vez\u00e9nyeltek ki, akiket egy tapasztalt els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00fas ballonos tiszt ir\u00e1ny\u00edtott. Annak ellen\u00e9re, hogy nagy sz\u00e9l \u00e9s h\u00f3z\u00e1por is jutott aznapra, a landol\u00e1s minden gond n\u00e9lk\u00fcl siker\u00fclt. Az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s viszont belerond\u00edtott a programba, az orsz\u00e1gos k\u00f6r\u00fat helyett csak egy Kelet-Magyarorsz\u00e1gi s\u00e9tarep\u00fcl\u00e9s f\u00e9rt bele, amin r\u00e9szt vett G\u00f6mb\u00f6s Gyula honv\u00e9delmi miniszter, k\u00e9s\u0151bbi minisztereln\u00f6k is. A Graf Zeppelin \u00e1trep\u00fclt a M\u00e1tra felett, majd Miskolc \u00e9rint\u00e9s\u00e9vel Debrecenig sz\u00e1llt, ahonnan a J\u00e1szs\u00e1g \u00e1trep\u00fcl\u00e9s\u00e9vel \u00e9rtek vissza Csepelre &#8211; Szeged fel\u00e9 egy h\u00f3vihar miatt nem jutottak el (l\u00e1that\u00f3, hogy amikor csak lehetett, ker\u00fcltek b\u00e1rmilyen vihart, ahogy az is, hogy a m\u00e1rciusi h\u00f3viharok akkor sem voltak szokatlanok).<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fortepan.download\/_photo\/1600\/fortepan_190128.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1135\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Graf Zeppelin a Belv\u00e1ros felett (Wittner Lucia\/Fortepan, 190128)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1si neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gekr\u0151l Ernst Lehman kapit\u00e1ny \u00fagy nyilatkozott, hogy<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"26.652157115260785\">&#8222;&#8230;ez <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"50.007005795235024\">volt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"60.85032839665165\">\u00e9let\u00e9nek<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"92.61135866065679\">majdnem <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"143.5436960721185\">legvesz\u00e9lyesebb <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"34.28940115904701\">\u00fatja,<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"44.57231165486156\">mert <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"26.23510624597553\">az <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"59.468847392144234\">eg\u00e9sz <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"42.60435286542177\">id\u0151 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"54.346941403734704\">alatt <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"42.56525434642627\">\u00f3ri\u00e1si<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"107.20813908564068\">sz\u00e9lviharral <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"62.57066323245332\">kellett <\/span><\/em><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"100.43106245975531\"><em>megbirk\u00f3zni.&#8221;[2]<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>illetve, <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"43.66468615384615\">hogy <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"54.11086153846154\">&#8222;&#8230;\u00e9let\u00e9nek<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"73.95696\">m\u00e1sodik <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"87.80345538461538\">legnagyobb <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"76.58893846153845\">h\u00f3vihar\u00e1t <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"23.3772\">\u00e9lte<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"22.80503076923077\">\u00e1t <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"17.590116923076923\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"110.19979384615382\">magyarorsz\u00e1gi <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"89.01318461538462\">k\u00f6rrep\u00fcl\u00e9sen.&#8221;[3]\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ez m\u00e1r csak az\u00e9rt sem kis dolog, mert Lehman volt az egyik legtapasztaltabb zeppelin-kapit\u00e1ny; harcolt az els\u0151 vil\u00e1gh\u00e1bor\u00faban, r\u00e9szt vett a Graf Zeppelin vil\u00e1gk\u00f6r\u00fcli \u00fatj\u00e1n, majd megkapta a Hindenburg parancsnoks\u00e1g\u00e1t; a l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3 katasztr\u00f3f\u00e1j\u00e1ban szerzett sebeibe halt bele 1937. m\u00e1jus 7-\u00e9n.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1105px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fortepan.download\/_photo\/1600\/fortepan_136331.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1105\" height=\"1600\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A K\u00e1lvin-t\u00e9r f\u00f6l\u00f6tt&#8230; (R\u00e9vay P\u00e9ter\/Fortepan, 136331)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Karinthyt teljesen leny\u0171g\u00f6zte a friedrichshafeni Zeppelin-gy\u00e1r, \u00e9s maga a l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3z\u00e1s is, \u00e9lm\u00e9nyeir\u0151l <em><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"143.7194627564537\">Bodeni <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"65.77282977019286\">T\u00f3, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"53.83907337810363\">az <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"251.36331710923545\">Embermad\u00e1r <\/span><\/em><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"290.90245825888735\"><em>Neanderv\u00f6lgye<\/em> c\u00edmmel \u00edrt a Magyarorsz\u00e1g c. \u00fajs\u00e1gnak. A <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2018\/03\/01\/a-mai-ember-megjelenese-europaban\/\">Neander-v\u00f6lgyi<\/a><\/span> p\u00e1rhuzam nem v\u00e9letlen, az \u00edr\u00f3 egy \u00faj embert\u00edpus, egy \u00faj civiliz\u00e1ci\u00f3 sz\u00fclet\u00e9se tan\u00faj\u00e1nak \u00e9rezte mag\u00e1t:<\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><em><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"290.90245825888735\">&#8222;A j\u00f6v\u0151 messzes\u00e9g\u00e9r\u0151l n\u00e9zve visszafel\u00e9, \u00fagy \u00e9rzem, az elk\u00f6vetkezend\u0151 embert\u00edpus \u0151si f\u00e9szk\u00e9ben \u00e9s primit\u00edv \u00e9denkertj\u00e9ben vagyok e pillanatban. Itt minden k\u00e9z, minden l\u00e9lek, minden gondolat az Embermad\u00e1r hivatotts\u00e1g\u00e1nak \u00f6szt\u00f6n\u00f6s sejtelm\u00e9t t\u00fckr\u00f6zi.&#8221;<\/span><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<figure style=\"width: 1600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fortepan.download\/_photo\/1600\/fortepan_95427.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zeppelin a Budai V\u00e1r felett Schermann Szil\u00e1rd felv\u00e9tel\u00e9n. (Schermann \u00c1kos\/Fortepan, 95427)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Karinthynek az is felt\u0171nt, hogy\u00a0 v\u00e1rosban &#8211; \u00e9rthet\u0151en &#8211; minden a rep\u00fcl\u0151 szivarok k\u00f6r\u00fcl forog, a l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k azt jelentett\u00e9k a viszonylag kis telep\u00fcl\u00e9snek, mint Velenc\u00e9nek a Karnev\u00e1l, vagy Londonnak a Tower Bridge; mindebb\u0151l bibliai p\u00e1rhuzamot vonni azonban az \u00edr\u00f3 nem mindennapi elm\u00e9je kellett.<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"28.821985706364366\">&#8222;A bar\u00e1ts\u00e1gos, tarka h\u00e1zak eresz\u00e9r\u0151l <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"32.56998952621527\">sok <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"55.33624853675067\">helyen <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"57.18570020331465\">ez\u00fcst\u00f6s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.607593493931372\">kis <\/span><span class=\"hit selected\" data-canvas-width=\"57.61123775491344\">Zeppelin<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"30.31136713696014\">l\u00f3g <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"62.50491959829956\">c\u00edmer\u00fcl. <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"20.57310393691085\">A <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"98.38100856385927\">kirakatokban <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"52.71755591152732\">mindem <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"43.715800012322106\">t\u00e1rgy <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"68.47881214959028\">valahogy <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"51.58824471689976\">mag\u00e1n <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"43.38846343416919\">viseli <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"14.566477727804816\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"8.183414453822932\">b<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"32.71729098638408\">\u00e9lye<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"45.974422401577236\">get: <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"8.183414453822932\">b<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"21.506013184646665\">\u0151rb<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"73.89623251802107\">e\u00e9getve, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"102.75095188220072\">gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6st\u00e1lb<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"11.358579261906229\">a, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"69.21531945043436\">csiszolva, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"28.83835253527201\">zseb<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"58.69144846281807\">kend\u0151re <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"18.314481547655724\">\u00e9s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"73.69983057112933\">port\u00f6rl\u0151re <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"16.023125500585298\">\u00e9s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"96.48245641057235\">tintatart\u00f3ra <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"55.810886575072395\">festve <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"64.3052707781406\">folyton <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"45.908955085946644\">r\u00e1buk<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"45.97442240157723\">kansz <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"14.566477727804816\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"78.16797486291664\">jellegzetes <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"109.28131661635142\">\u00bbb\u00e1lnavonalra\u00ab <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"16.366828907645864\">\u2014 s tal\u00e1n nem v\u00e9letlen\u00fcl jut eszedbe a- k\u00e9pzett\u00e1rsul\u00e1s: r\u00e9gi, biblikus id\u0151kb\u0151l egy a r\u00e9g\u00e9szek \u00e1ltal j\u00f3lismert szint\u00e9n halform\u00e1j\u00fa jelk\u00e9p, melyr\u0151l tudjuk m\u00e1r, hogy a Szentl\u00e9lek szimb\u00f3luma volt. Ugylehet, ez a b\u00e1lnavonal lesz majd a k\u00e9t t\u00e9rir\u00e1ny vil\u00e1g\u00e1b\u00f3l felszabadul\u00f3 j\u00f6vend\u0151 ember\u00e9nek b\u00f6lcs\u0151j\u00e9n, az \u00faj Eufr\u00e1t-vid\u00e9k els\u0151 vall\u00e1s\u00e1nak nyoma.&#8221;<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Cikk\u00e9ben Karinthy utalt m\u00e9g Laput\u00e1ra, a Gulliver utaz\u00e1saiban szerepl\u0151 rep\u00fcl\u0151 v\u00e1rosra, a hatalmas gy\u00e1rcsarnokr\u00f3l pedig &#8211; ahol m\u00e1r \u00e9p\u00fclt a Hindenburg &#8211; egy <em>&#8222;gig\u00e1szi toj\u00e1sra&#8221;<\/em> asszoci\u00e1lt, amiben <em>&#8222;<span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"37.02176698909494\">most <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"59.460689421477426\">fejl\u0151dik <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"29.083854968886698\">ben<\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"26.186926252233377\">ne <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"16.13769330293882\">a <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"55.74541925944181\">Rep\u00fcl\u0151 <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"24.730278479452902\">Hal<\/span> <span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"20.262134187665577\">s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"55.319881707843024\">mikor <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"59.935327459799154\">elk\u00e9sz\u00fcl, <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"48.609481855708225\">felt\u00f6ri <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"52.39021933337441\">ajtaj\u00e1t <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"20.18030004312735\">\u00e9s <\/span><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"62.65222105846837\">kir\u00f6ppen.&#8221;\u00a0 <\/span><\/em><span class=\"selected\" data-canvas-width=\"62.65222105846837\">Az \u00edr\u00f3 igen szerencs\u00e9s volt, mert a rep\u00fcl\u0151 hal mellett a <em>&#8222;Rep\u00fcl\u0151 Gy\u00edk&#8221;<\/em> sz\u00fclet\u00e9s\u00e9nek is tan\u00faja lehetett, ugyanis a Bodeni-tavon tesztelt\u00e9k az akkori legnagyobb rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9pet (rep\u00fcl\u0151cs\u00f3nakot), a Dornier X-et is.[4]<\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fortepan.download\/_photo\/1600\/fortepan_77681.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"994\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u00e9lt\u00f3s\u00e1gteljes lebeg\u00e9s a T\u00e1tra utca felett (Luk\u00e1cs Zsolt\/Fortepan, 77681)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure style=\"width: 1144px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fortepan.download\/_photo\/1600\/fortepan_41712.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1144\" height=\"726\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A kik\u00f6t\u00f6tt \u00f3ri\u00e1s ut\u00e1szok, sajt\u00f3sok \u00e9s VIP-k gy\u0171r\u0171j\u00e9ben (Fortepan, 41712)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A Graf Zeppelin Budapest feletti cirk\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1r\u00f3l film is k\u00e9sz\u00fclt, ami lent megtekinthet\u0151. Sz\u00f3 se r\u00f3la, a magam r\u00e9sz\u00e9r\u0151l n\u00e9ha b\u00e1nom, hogy m\u00e1r nem repkednek ilyesmik (persze csak a h\u00e9liumos verzi\u00f3b\u00f3l) rendszeresen felett\u00fcnk.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Graf Zeppelin D-LZ127 flying over Budapest, Graf Zeppelin Budapest felett  by Pro Patria film\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/TMJZuXaee3g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Magyarorsz\u00e1gon t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r nem k\u00f6t\u00f6tt ki zeppelin, de az\u00e9rt az 1931-es \u00c9szaki-sarki exped\u00edci\u00f3nak is van magyar vonatkoz\u00e1sa, a fed\u00e9lzeten tart\u00f3zkod\u00f3 k\u00e9t \u00fajs\u00e1g\u00edr\u00f3 egyike ugyanis a magyar sz\u00e1rmaz\u00e1s\u00fa Arthur Koestler volt.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 1600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/fortepan.download\/_photo\/1600\/fortepan_20607.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1007\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Igazi steampunk hangulat; a Graf Zeppelin a Lip\u00f3t (ma Szent Istv\u00e1n) k\u00f6r\u00fat f\u00f6l\u00f6tt, a Nyugati t\u00e9rn\u00e9l. (Fortepan, 20607)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">P\u00e1r \u00e9vig \u00fagy t\u0171nhetett, hogy a zeppelinek fogj\u00e1k uralni az \u00e9gboltot (rengeteg korabeli, az elk\u00e9pzelt j\u00f6v\u0151t \u00e1br\u00e1zol\u00f3 rajzon is szerepelnek), de az \u00f3ri\u00e1s szivarok gyorsan feled\u00e9sbe mer\u00fcltek, <a href=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2018\/03\/07\/a_levego_fixfizeteses_tunderei_stewardessek_a_harmincas_evekben\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">hely\u00fcket \u00e1tvett\u00e9k<\/span><\/a> az egyre megb\u00edzhat\u00f3bb \u00e9s nagyobb hat\u00f3t\u00e1vols\u00e1g\u00fa rep\u00fcl\u0151g\u00e9pek. A Zeppelin gy\u00e1r ugyanakkor ma is m\u0171k\u00f6dik, \u00e9s n\u00e9h\u00e1ny (f\u00e9lmerev szerkezet\u0171) l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3, valamint sz\u00e1mos blimp is \u00fczemel, s\u00e9tarep\u00fcl\u0151k\u00e9nt, illetve katonai feladatk\u00f6rben (felder\u00edt\u00e9s, \u00e1tj\u00e1tsz\u00f3\u00e1llom\u00e1s), szigor\u00faan olyan helyeken, ahol nem kell ellens\u00e9ges l\u00e9gitev\u00e9kenys\u00e9gt\u0151l tartani. A klasszikus \u00e9rtelemben vett zeppelinek m\u00e1ra visszaszorultak a kalandfilmek, scifik \u00e9s a steampunk vil\u00e1g\u00e1ba.<\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 935px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/myliteraryquest.files.wordpress.com\/2015\/01\/airship1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"935\" height=\"604\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stempunk zeppelinek fant\u00e1ziarajzon (<a href=\"https:\/\/myliteraryquest.wordpress.com\/2015\/03\/18\/genre-talk-steampunk\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Forr\u00e1s<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><div class='code-block code-block-3' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- baszad\u00e9k -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7971303320192828\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7992097991\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" align=\"justify\"><strong>Az NTF T\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9sz M\u0171hely ingyenesen teszi mindenki sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra el\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9 tudom\u00e1nyos eredm\u00e9nyeit, ingyenesen bocs\u00e1tja rendelkez\u00e9sre ismeretterjeszt\u0151 cikkeit. A szerkeszt\u00e9s, t\u00f6rdel\u00e9s \u00e9s a honlap fenntart\u00e1sa azonban nek\u00fcnk is p\u00e9nzbe ker\u00fcl, k\u00e9rj\u00fck, adom\u00e1ny\u00e1val t\u00e1mogassa \u00fcgy\u00fcnket, hogy a j\u00f6v\u0151ben is el\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9 tegy\u00fck cikkeinket olvas\u00f3ink sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Sz\u00edves t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sukat <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/ntf_hu\">Patreon oldalunkon (link)\u00a0<\/a><\/span>v\u00e1rjuk.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Jegyzetek, felhaszn\u00e1lt forr\u00e1sok:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>[1] 8 \u00d3rai Ujs\u00e1g, 1931. m\u00e1rcius 31. 2. o.<br \/>\n[2] (Miskolci) Reggeli H\u00edrlap, 1931. m\u00e1rcius 31. 4. o.<br \/>\n[3] Magyars\u00e1g, 1931. m\u00e1rcius 31. 4. o.<br \/>\n[4] Magyrorsz\u00e1g, 1931. m\u00e1rcius 31. 3. o.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/csepelmuvek.hu\/2006\/zeppelin.htm\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">A Graf Zeppelin csepeli l\u00e1togat\u00e1sa<\/span><\/a> (2021. m\u00e1rcius 19.)<\/p>\n<p>Jeki Gabriella: <a href=\"https:\/\/mult-kor.hu\/hatalmas-latvanyossag-volt-amikor-1931-tavaszan-feltunt-budapest-egen-a-zeppelin-20180329?pIdx=1\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Hatalmas l\u00e1tv\u00e1nyoss\u00e1g volt, amikor 1931 tavasz\u00e1n felt\u0171nt Budapest eg\u00e9n a Zeppelin<\/span><\/a> (M\u00falt-Kor, 2018. m\u00e1rcius 29.)<\/p>\n<p><strong>A nyit\u00f3k\u00e9pen az LZ-127 Graf Zeppelin a budapesti Parlament f\u00f6l\u00f6tt, 1931. (Fortepan, 11354)<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A rep\u00fcl\u00e9s v\u00e1gy j\u00f3form\u00e1n egyid\u0151s az emberis\u00e9ggel, viszont haszn\u00e1lhat\u00f3 (\u00e9s nem felt\u00e9tlen\u00fcl k\u00f6zvesz\u00e9lyes) megold\u00e1sra a 18. sz\u00e1zad v\u00e9g\u00e9ig v\u00e1rni kellett. Ekkor jelentek meg az els\u0151, \u00fczemszer\u0171 haszn\u00e1latra is alkalmas h\u0151l\u00e9gballonok (v\u00e1rosok bomb\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1ra ugyan m\u00e1r haszn\u00e1ltak kor\u00e1bban is ilyeneket, eleny\u00e9sz\u0151 hat\u00e9konys\u00e1ggal \u00e9s szem\u00e9lyzet n\u00e9lk\u00fcl), amelyeket azonban nem lehetett korm\u00e1nyozni. Az igazi \u00e1tt\u00f6r\u00e9st a kism\u00e9ret\u0171, de el\u00e9g er\u0151s bels\u0151 \u00e9g\u00e9s\u0171 motorok megjelen\u00e9se hozta el, amelyek \u00faj korszakot nyitottak a l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3z\u00e1sban \u00e9s a merevsz\u00e1rny\u00fa rep\u00fcl\u00e9sben is. Mai k\u00e9pes cikk\u00fcnkben a korm\u00e1nyozhat\u00f3 l\u00e9ghaj\u00f3k (pontosabban a zeppelinek) f\u00e9nykor\u00e1nak n\u00e9h\u00e1ny &#8211; els\u0151sorban magyarorsz\u00e1gi k\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9s\u0171 &#8211; pillanat\u00e1t&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":14768,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[781,1,4,341],"tags":[20,16,1649,43,498,13,79,1648],"class_list":["post-14765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-20-szazad-2","category-egyeb","category-i-vilaghaboru","category-kepes-tortenelem","tag-budapest","tag-katasztrofa","tag-leghajo","tag-nemetorszag","tag-repules","tag-sajto","tag-usa","tag-zeppelin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14765"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14765\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14776,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14765\/revisions\/14776"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14765"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}