{"id":13838,"date":"2020-07-06T19:22:28","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T19:22:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/?p=13838"},"modified":"2020-07-15T17:41:08","modified_gmt":"2020-07-15T17:41:08","slug":"maria-terezia-elete-es-oktataspolitikaja-i-resz-maria-terezia-elete","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2020\/07\/06\/maria-terezia-elete-es-oktataspolitikaja-i-resz-maria-terezia-elete\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9lete \u00e9s oktat\u00e1spolitik\u00e1ja \u2013 I. r\u00e9sz: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9lete"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: right;\" align=\"center\"><em><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif; font-size: medium;\">\u00c9bner Zsuzsa<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ha a rendelkez\u00e9s\u00fcnkre \u00e1ll\u00f3 levelek, festm\u00e9nyek, szakirodalom alapj\u00e1n megpr\u00f3b\u00e1ljuk bej\u00e1rni azt az utat, amelyet M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia tett meg 1717 \u00e9s 1780 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, akkor azt tapasztalhatjuk, hogy egy kih\u00edv\u00e1sokkal teli, p\u00e1ratlan \u00e9let\u00fat bontakozik ki el\u0151tt\u00fcnk. Utaz\u00e1sunk elej\u00e9n egy bab\u00e1j\u00e1t szorongat\u00f3 kisl\u00e1nnyal tal\u00e1lkozhatunk, aki kacagva rohan v\u00e9gig a b\u00e9csi palota folyos\u00f3in, s mire hossz\u00fa \u00e9vek ut\u00e1n utol\u00e9rj\u00fck, m\u00e1r a kertben \u00fcld\u00f6g\u00e9l \u00e9s ujjai egy lotaringiai hercegt\u0151l kapott lev\u00e9l k\u00f6r\u00e9 fon\u00f3dnak\u2026 L\u00e1tjuk, ahogy feles\u00e9gg\u00e9, majd \u00e9desany\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lik, 1740-ben pedig kir\u00e1lyn\u0151v\u00e9. Ott vagyunk mellette, amikor <a href=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2017\/08\/11\/a-csaszarno-kesztyui-es-a-hazacsabitott-szekelyek-hadik-andras-haboruban-es-bekeben\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">fegyverrel k\u00e9nyszer\u00fcl megv\u00e9deni \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g\u00e9t<\/span><\/a>, \u00e9s akkor is, amikor leteszi a kardot, hogy karjaiba z\u00e1rhassa gyermekeit. Szinte \u00e9rezz\u00fck a t\u00f6r\u00e9keny v\u00e1llaira nehezed\u0151 terheket: \u00e9desany\u00e1nak kell lennie, \u00fagy hogy k\u00f6zben uralkod\u00f3k\u00e9nt egy hatalmas birodalom s\u00faly\u00e1t cipeli, \u00e9s \u00e1mulunk azon, hogy egyik pillanatr\u00f3l a m\u00e1sikra feln\u0151 egy olyan szerephez, amelyre soha nem k\u00e9sz\u00edtett\u00e9k fel. Az \u00fat v\u00e9ge fel\u00e9, ott \u00e1llunk szob\u00e1j\u00e1ban, amikor remeg\u0151 k\u00e9zzel s\u00f6t\u00e9t v\u00e1sznat ter\u00edt a boldogs\u00e1g l\u00e1mp\u00e1s\u00e1ra, hogy \u00f6r\u00f6k hom\u00e1lyba burkolja h\u00e1tral\u00e9v\u0151 \u00e9veit. Mi azonban tudjuk, hogy f\u00e9rje hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n sz\u00e1mos olyan f\u00e9nycs\u00f3va \u00e9rkezik m\u00e9g \u2013 unok\u00e1i, gyermekei \u00e1ltal \u00edrt levelek, sikeres reformok \u2013 amik, ha csak ideiglenesen is, de beragyogj\u00e1k a s\u00f6t\u00e9t \u00e9gboltot&#8230;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><div class='code-block code-block-1' style='text-align: center; margin: 13px auto;'>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- oldalhirdet\u00e9s -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:block\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7971303320192828\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"5518896799\"\r\n     data-ad-format=\"auto\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adtplus.arcanum.hu\/hu\/\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4560\" src=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/adt-logo-hu-350.655280d015fe.png\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/adt-logo-hu-350.655280d015fe.png 350w, https:\/\/ntf.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/07\/adt-logo-hu-350.655280d015fe-300x51.png 300w\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"60\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>A cikk a Napi T\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi Forr\u00e1s \u00e9s az<span style=\"color: #800000;\"> <a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https:\/\/adtplus.arcanum.hu\/hu\/\">Arcanum Digit\u00e1lis Tudom\u00e1nyt\u00e1r<\/a><\/span> egy\u00fcttm\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9ben k\u00e9sz\u00fclt<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Utaz\u00e1sunk sor\u00e1n felmer\u00fcl benn\u00fcnk a k\u00e9rd\u00e9s ki is volt M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia val\u00f3j\u00e1ban? K\u00e9rlelhetetlen uralkod\u00f3? A birodalom cukorm\u00e1zzal le\u00f6nt\u00f6tt cs\u00e1sz\u00e1rn\u00e9ja? Hat\u00e1rozott elk\u00e9pzel\u00e9seib\u0151l nem enged\u0151 \u00e9desanya? Sebezhet\u0151, \u00e9rz\u00e9keny anya, aki a gyermekei kedv\u00e9\u00e9rt fittyet h\u00e1ny a protokollra? Egyik sem, vagy mindegyik egyszerre? Hogyan tudott egyszerre anya, feles\u00e9g, \u00e9s uralkod\u00f3 is lenni? Hogyan tudta \u00f6sszeegyeztetni a racionalit\u00e1st a m\u00e9ly vall\u00e1soss\u00e1ggal? Hogyan tudott fel\u00fclemelkedni neveltet\u00e9s\u00e9b\u0151l fakad\u00f3 hi\u00e1nyoss\u00e1gain? Jelen \u00edr\u00e1sban e k\u00e9rd\u00e9sekre keresem a v\u00e1laszokat, valamint bemutatom M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia oktat\u00e1spolitik\u00e1j\u00e1t is.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia gyermekkora \u00e9s neveltet\u00e9se<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 371px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" src=\"https:\/\/static-cdn.arcanum.hu\/nfo-resources\/magyartortenetieletrajzok_pic\/magyartortenetieletrajzok\/39-010.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"371\" height=\"459\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia gyermekkori portr\u00e9ja (Forr\u00e1s: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.arcanum.hu\/hu\/online-kiadvanyok\/MagyarTortenetiEletrajzok-magyar-torteneti-eletrajzok-BE5D\/maria-terezia-17171780-8390\/i-fejezet-maria-terezia-gyermekkora-es-nevelese-83A0\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Arcanum Digit\u00e1lis Tudom\u00e1nyt\u00e1r<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia III. K\u00e1roly \u00e9s Erzs\u00e9bet Krisztina m\u00e1sodik gyermekek\u00e9nt sz\u00fcletett 1717. m\u00e1jus 13-\u00e1n a b\u00e9csi Hofburgban, s ekkor m\u00e9g senki nem sejtette, hogy fi\u00fa\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6s hi\u00e1ny\u00e1ban \u2013 a cs\u00e1sz\u00e1ri p\u00e1r egyetlen fi\u00fagyermeke, Lip\u00f3t J\u00e1nos 1716-ban meghalt \u2013 \u0151 fog apja nyomdokaiba l\u00e9pni.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\" name=\"sdfootnote1anc\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a> 1724-ben azonban minden megv\u00e1ltozott. 1724-ben III. K\u00e1roly m\u00e1r pontosan tudta, hogy legid\u0151sebb l\u00e1nya fogja k\u00f6vetni a tr\u00f3non, ugyanis az orvosok azt tan\u00e1csolt\u00e1k feles\u00e9g\u00e9nek, hogy M\u00e1ria Am\u00e1lia sz\u00fclet\u00e9se ut\u00e1n, eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgyi okokb\u00f3l, ne v\u00e1llaljon t\u00f6bb terhess\u00e9get.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote2sym\" name=\"sdfootnote2anc\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia azonban ebb\u0151l a hatalmas v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sb\u00f3l nagyon sok\u00e1ig semmit sem tapasztalt. A b\u00e9csi palota falai k\u00f6z\u00f6tt meg\u00e9lhette a gondtalan gyermekkor csod\u00e1it, \u00e9s m\u00e9g fiatalkor\u00e1t sem \u00e1rny\u00e9kolt\u00e1k be \u00e9desapja egyre s\u00falyosbod\u00f3 gondjai.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ennek a gondtalans\u00e1gnak azonban \u00e1ra volt. V\u00e1llaira nem nehezedtek a tr\u00f3n\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6s\u00f6k terhei, ugyanakkor nem saj\u00e1t\u00edtotta el azokat a k\u00e9szs\u00e9geket, amiket a tr\u00f3n\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6s\u00f6k igen. Nem avatt\u00e1k be az \u00e1llam\u00fcgyekbe, \u00edgy felk\u00e9sz\u00fcletlen\u00fcl kellett bet\u00f6ltenie egy olyan szerepet, amire m\u00e1sok \u00e9vtizedekig k\u00e9sz\u00fclnek.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote3sym\" name=\"sdfootnote3anc\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a> A szerepre mag\u00e1ra nem k\u00e9sz\u00edtette fel III. K\u00e1roly, de az\u00e9rt minden k\u00f6vet megmozgatott, hogy ebben a szerepben a birodalmon bel\u00fcl \u00e9s nemzetk\u00f6zi szinten is elfogadj\u00e1k l\u00e1ny\u00e1t, ugyanis jelent\u0151s \u00e1ldozatokat hozott az\u00e9rt, hogy az 1713-as Pragmatica Sanctiot min\u00e9l t\u00f6bben elismerj\u00e9k.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote4sym\" name=\"sdfootnote4anc\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia a korabeli arisztokrata h\u00f6lgyekhez hasonl\u00f3 m\u0171velts\u00e9gre tett szert.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote5sym\" name=\"sdfootnote5anc\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> Kiv\u00e1l\u00f3an elsaj\u00e1t\u00edtotta a nyelveket \u2013 megtanult latinul, franci\u00e1ul, olaszul, \u00e9s spanyolul \u2013, Spannagel r\u00e9v\u00e9n betekint\u00e9st nyert a Habsburg dinasztia t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelm\u00e9be: a dics\u0151s\u00e9ges pillanatokba \u00e9s a nagy el\u0151d\u00f6k hib\u00e1iba egyar\u00e1nt.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote6sym\" name=\"sdfootnote6anc\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a> Azonban sem az irodalom, sem a t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem nem hagyott benne m\u00e9ly nyomot.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote7sym\" name=\"sdfootnote7anc\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a> Nem \u00fagy, mint hittan tan\u00e1ra, Franz Xaver Vogel jezsuita atya, aki \u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>er\u0151s, m\u00e1r-m\u00e1r bigott vall\u00e1soss\u00e1got\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> oltott valamennyi tan\u00edtv\u00e1ny\u00e1ba.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote8sym\" name=\"sdfootnote8anc\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a> A legnagyobb hat\u00e1ssal azonban, Karoline Fuchs gr\u00f3fn\u00e9 volt M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zi\u00e1ra, aki amellett, hogy bevezette az udvari etikett szab\u00e1lyaiba, megfontolt tan\u00e1csokkal is ell\u00e1tta.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote9sym\" name=\"sdfootnote9anc\"><sup>9<\/sup><\/a> M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia pedig annyira szerette a gr\u00f3fn\u00e9t, hogy Maminak sz\u00f3l\u00edtotta, \u00e9s kir\u00e1lyn\u0151k\u00e9nt is gyakran fordult hozz\u00e1 tan\u00e1cs\u00e9rt, hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n pedig egyetlen nem Habsburgk\u00e9nt a b\u00e9csi kapucinusok kript\u00e1j\u00e1ban temettette el.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote10sym\" name=\"sdfootnote10anc\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><a name=\"_Toc28615488\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc28621140\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Egy szerelmi t\u00f6rt\u00e9net: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9s Lotaringiai Ferenc <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9s Lotaringiai Ferenc t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete 1723-ban kezd\u0151d\u00f6tt, amikor is Ferenc egy sz\u00f6rny\u0171 v\u00e9letlen \u00e9s apja elt\u00f6k\u00e9lt politik\u00e1j\u00e1nak k\u00f6sz\u00f6nhet\u0151en b\u00e1tyja helyett meg\u00e9rkezett a b\u00e9csi udvarba azzal a sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kkal, hogy elnyerje a f\u0151hercegn\u0151 kez\u00e9t.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote11sym\" name=\"sdfootnote11anc\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a> Hossz\u00fa \u00e9veknek kellett eltelnie ahhoz, hogy ez a c\u00e9l megval\u00f3suljon, \u00e9s ezek alatt az esztend\u0151k alatt a politikai, strat\u00e9giai megfontol\u00e1sok semmiv\u00e9 foszlottak \u00e9s az \u00e9rzelmek szerelemm\u00e9 nemesedtek. \u00cdgy 1736. febru\u00e1r 12-\u00e9n M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9s Lotaringiai Ferenc a Hofburghoz k\u00f6zeli \u00c1goston-rendiek templom\u00e1ban szerelmi h\u00e1zass\u00e1got k\u00f6t\u00f6tt.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote12sym\" name=\"sdfootnote12anc\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a> Ferenc olyannyira szerette M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zi\u00e1t, hogy \u00e9rte hajland\u00f3 volt lemondani csal\u00e1dja \u0151si tartom\u00e1ny\u00e1r\u00f3l, Lotaringi\u00e1r\u00f3l, Franciaorsz\u00e1g ugyanis ezt az \u00e1rat szabta a Pragmatica Sanctio elfogad\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote13sym\" name=\"sdfootnote13anc\"><sup>13<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">T\u00f6bb szempontb\u00f3l is k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6s h\u00e1zass\u00e1g volt az \u00f6v\u00e9k. Egyr\u00e9szt ritka az, hogy a 18. sz\u00e1zadban az uralkod\u00f3p\u00e1r k\u00e9t tagja k\u00f6z\u00fcl a t\u00e9nyleges hatalmi sz\u00e1lak a n\u0151 kez\u00e9ben \u00f6sszpontosuljanak, \u00e9s hogy a f\u00e9rfit mindez ne zavarja, minthogy az is egyedi, hogy a f\u00e9rj csal\u00e1dneve a h\u00e1z nev\u00e9ben \u2013 Habsburg-Lotaringiai h\u00e1z \u2013 a m\u00e1sodik helyre szoruljon.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote14sym\" name=\"sdfootnote14anc\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a> M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia mellett Ferenc kiteljesedhetett a term\u00e9szettudom\u00e1nyokban, \u00e9s a numizmatik\u00e1ban, valamint a leg\u00fajabb kutat\u00e1sok szerint a politik\u00e1ban is nagyobb \u00f6n\u00e1ll\u00f3s\u00e1got kaphatott.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote15sym\" name=\"sdfootnote15anc\"><sup>15<\/sup><\/a> L\u00e1thatjuk teh\u00e1t, hogy a kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 igyekezett teret engedni f\u00e9rj\u00e9nek, ugyanakkor nagyon nehezen viselte, ha m\u00e1s h\u00f6lgyek t\u00e1rsas\u00e1g\u00e1ban fordult meg, ilyenkor Podewils gr\u00f3f szavaival \u00e9lve \u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>duzzogni kezdett \u00e9s megkeser\u00edtette [ f\u00e9rje] \u00e9let\u00e9t<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote16sym\" name=\"sdfootnote16anc\"><sup>16<\/sup><\/a> M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia im\u00e1dta megtr\u00e9f\u00e1lni f\u00e9rj\u00e9t a maszkab\u00e1lokon, \u00e9s hogy a kedv\u00e9be j\u00e1rjon m\u00e9g vad\u00e1szatokra is elk\u00eds\u00e9rte.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote17sym\" name=\"sdfootnote17anc\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 642px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/eb\/Andreas_Moeller_-_Erzherzogin_Maria_Theresia_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg\/800px-Andreas_Moeller_-_Erzherzogin_Maria_Theresia_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"642\" height=\"798\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A fiatal M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia Andreas M\u00f6ller 1730-as \u00e9vekben k\u00e9sz\u00fclt festm\u00e9ny\u00e9n (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Andreas_Moeller_-_Erzherzogin_Maria_Theresia_-_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia, az \u00e9desanya<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia egyszerre Landesmutter, n\u00e9pei anyja, \u00e9s gyermekeinek \u00e9desanyja is volt. Vagyis uralkod\u00f3k\u00e9nt n\u00e9pei \u00e9rdekeit szem el\u0151tt tartva, politikai megfontol\u00e1sb\u00f3l kellett d\u00f6nt\u00e9seket hoznia \u2013 gyermekeinek neveltet\u00e9se, \u00e9rdekh\u00e1zass\u00e1gok \u2013 m\u00e9g akkor is, ha ezek a d\u00f6nt\u00e9sek anyak\u00e9nt elfogadhatatlannak t\u0171ntek. Nagyon neh\u00e9z, tal\u00e1n lehetetlen, rangsort fel\u00e1ll\u00edtani a szerepek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, \u00edgy ezt nem is k\u00eds\u00e9reln\u00e9m meg, ink\u00e1bb hagyom, hogy maga M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia szavai szolg\u00e1ljanak ir\u00e1nyf\u00e9nyk\u00e9nt: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Korom, betegs\u00e9gem, \u00e9s a folytonosan r\u00e1m nehezed\u0151 munk\u00e1m ellen\u00e9re gyermekeim nevel\u00e9s\u00e9t mindig a legnagyobb \u00e9s legfontosabb kih\u00edv\u00e1snak tartottam<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"#sdfootnote18sym\" name=\"sdfootnote18anc\"><sup>18<\/sup><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">B\u00e1rmilyen uralkod\u00f3i terhek nehezedtek r\u00e1, semmi nem tarthatta vissza att\u00f3l, hogy naponta t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r \u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>meg ne n\u00e9zze<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201d gyermekeit, \u00e9s \u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>vel\u00f6k \u00e9p \u00fagy ne foglalkozz\u00e9k, mint b\u00e1rmin\u0151 j\u00f3 polg\u00e1ri anya<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote19sym\" name=\"sdfootnote19anc\"><sup>19<\/sup><\/a> \u00cdgy amikor gyermekei elkapt\u00e1k a himl\u0151t, M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia, orvosai \u00f3va int\u0151 figyelmeztet\u00e9sivel mit sem t\u00f6r\u0151dve, \u00e1polta \u0151ket.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote20sym\" name=\"sdfootnote20anc\"><sup>20<\/sup><\/a> Amikor pedig elj\u00f6tt az ideje annak, hogy gyermekei nevel\u0151ket, \u00e9s oktat\u00f3kat kapjanak, gondos \u00e9s k\u00f6r\u00fcltekint\u0151 v\u00e1logat\u00e1s ut\u00e1n jel\u00f6lte ki az arra \u00e9rdemeseket, \u00e9s rendszeresen levelek form\u00e1j\u00e1ban t\u00e1j\u00e9koztatta \u0151ket arr\u00f3l, hogy milyen ir\u00e1nyelvek ment\u00e9n form\u00e1lj\u00e1k gyermekei gondolkod\u00e1s\u00e1t, vagy \u00e9ppen viselked\u00e9s\u00e9t. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia ir\u00e1nyelvei az \u00e9let valamennyi ter\u00fclet\u00e9re kiterjedtek: P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Maria Walburga Lerchenfeld gr\u00f3fn\u0151nek, Johanna \u00e9s Jozefa nevel\u0151n\u0151j\u00e9nek, meghagyta, hogy gyermekei mit egyenek \u2013 \u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>mindenb\u0151l egyenek, ne finny\u00e1skodjanak, ne v\u00e1logassanak<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote21sym\" name=\"sdfootnote21anc\"><sup>21<\/sup><\/a>\u2013 \u00e9s mit ker\u00fcljenek \u2013 \u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>cukor, \u00e9dess\u00e9g, csokol\u00e1d\u00e9 vagy k\u00e1v\u00e9<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote22sym\" name=\"sdfootnote22anc\"><sup>22<\/sup><\/a> \u2013, ugyanakkor azt is, hogy mihamarabb szembes\u00fcljenek a betegs\u00e9gekkel, \u00e9s a hal\u00e1llal.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote23sym\" name=\"sdfootnote23anc\"><sup>23<\/sup><\/a> Az el\u0151bb eml\u00edtett szerepkonfliktus er\u0151tus\u00e1j\u00e1t j\u00f3l \u00e9rz\u00e9kelteti, hogy 1763-ban a kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 agg\u00f3d\u00f3 anyak\u00e9nt vetette pap\u00edrra a gr\u00f3fn\u0151nek Jozefa leend\u0151 f\u00e9rj\u00e9nek hi\u00e1nyoss\u00e1gait, abban a rem\u00e9nyben, hogy ezek ismeret\u00e9ben \u00fagy tudja majd nevelni l\u00e1ny\u00e1t, hogy <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">abba a m\u00e1sik udvarba megtal\u00e1lja a boldogs\u00e1g\u00e1t, vagy legal\u00e1bbis ne menjen t\u00f6nkre.<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"#sdfootnote24sym\" name=\"sdfootnote24anc\"><sup>24<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia igyekezett objekt\u00edvan meg\u00edt\u00e9lni saj\u00e1t gyermekei hi\u00e1nyoss\u00e1gait is. Batthy\u00e1ny K\u00e1rolyhoz \u00edrt leveleiben r\u00e9szletesen le\u00edrta, hogy a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi II. J\u00f3zsef mely tulajdons\u00e1gain igyekezzen finom\u00edtani.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote25sym\" name=\"sdfootnote25anc\"><sup>25<\/sup><\/a> Ezekb\u0151l a levelekb\u0151l Batthy\u00e1ny azonban csak azt tudta kih\u00e1mozni, hogy a tr\u00f3n\u00f6r\u00f6k\u00f6s makacss\u00e1g\u00e1t meg kell t\u00f6rni, \u00edgy szigor\u00fa nevel\u0151k\u00e9nt l\u00e9pett fel.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote26sym\" name=\"sdfootnote26anc\"><sup>26<\/sup><\/a> Pontosan ez a gyermek- \u00e9s ifj\u00fakor\u00e1t be\u00e1rny\u00e9kol\u00f3 szigor\u00fa nevel\u00e9s volt az oka annak, hogy J\u00f3zsef nehezen tudott meg\u00e9rt\u00e9ssel lenni anyja ir\u00e1nt, kapcsolatukat pedig m\u00e9g az is tov\u00e1bb bonyol\u00edtotta, hogy a kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 belek\u00e9nyszer\u00edtette egy m\u00e1sodik h\u00e1zass\u00e1gba is.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote27sym\" name=\"sdfootnote27anc\"><sup>27<\/sup><\/a> Annak ellen\u00e9re, hogy 1765-t\u0151l m\u00e9g a szok\u00e1sosn\u00e1l is t\u00f6bb n\u00e9zetelt\u00e9r\u00e9s\u00fck akadt, hogy t\u00e1rsuralkod\u00f3kk\u00e9nt nehezen tal\u00e1lt\u00e1k a k\u00f6z\u00f6s hangot, a \u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>fi\u00fa \u00e9s anyja k\u00f6z\u00f6tti csal\u00e1di \u00e9rz\u00e9s soha egy percig sem volt kock\u00e1ra t\u00e9ve<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote28sym\" name=\"sdfootnote28anc\"><sup>28<\/sup><\/a> Olyannyira nem, hogy a kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 m\u00e9g hal\u00e1los \u00e1gy\u00e1n is J\u00f3zsef megh\u0171l\u00e9se miatt agg\u00f3dott.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote29sym\" name=\"sdfootnote29anc\"><sup>29<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 590px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7c\/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_family.jpg\" alt=\"File:Maria Theresa of Austria family.jpg\" width=\"590\" height=\"390\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9s csal\u00e1dja Szent Mikl\u00f3s \u00fcnnep\u00e9n 1762-ben. K\u00f6z\u00e9pen, kedvenc bab\u00e1j\u00e1val a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi Marie Antoinette. A k\u00e9pet az uralkod\u00f3n\u0151 egyik l\u00e1nya, M\u00e1ria Krisztina f\u0151hercegn\u0151 festette. (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Maria_Theresa_of_Austria_family.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia tal\u00e1n egy gyermek\u00e9t sem r\u00e9szes\u00edtette annyi intelemben, mint a tizenn\u00e9gy \u00e9ves kora \u00f3ta Franciaorsz\u00e1gban \u00e9l\u0151 Marie Antoinette-t. Leveleinek gyakran nyers \u00e9s b\u00edr\u00e1l\u00f3 hangneme azonban gyeng\u00e9dd\u00e9, m\u00e1r-m\u00e1r meghat\u00f3v\u00e1 szel\u00edd\u00fclt, miut\u00e1n megtudta, l\u00e1nya gyermeket v\u00e1r. A kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 1778-ban a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151ket \u00edrta unok\u00e1j\u00e1r\u00f3l: \u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>olyan vigasz lesz a sz\u00e1modra, mint amilyen Te vagy nekem<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote30sym\" name=\"sdfootnote30anc\"><sup>30<\/sup><\/a> Amint pedig megl\u00e1tta a kis Sarolta portr\u00e9j\u00e1t b\u00fcszke nagymamak\u00e9nt egy olyan helyre tette, ahol mindig l\u00e1thatja.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote31sym\" name=\"sdfootnote31anc\"><sup>31<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #1f4d78;\"><span style=\"font-family: Calibri Light, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><span style=\"color: #00000a;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><b>Lotaringiai Ferenc hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9let\u00e9nek egyik legsz\u00f6rny\u0171bb napja volt 1765. augusztus 18-a. Ezen a napon ugyanis, majdnem k\u00e9t h\u00e9ttel fi\u00e1nak, a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi II. Lip\u00f3tnak az esk\u00fcv\u0151je ut\u00e1n, elvesztette szeretett f\u00e9rj\u00e9t.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote32sym\" name=\"sdfootnote32anc\"><sup>32<\/sup><\/a> Ekkor mintha meg\u00e1llt volna sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra az id\u0151: eg\u00e9sz \u00e9jjel f\u00e9rje mellett t\u00e9rdelt, majd pedig im\u00e1dkoz\u00e1ssal \u00e9s Ferenc szemfed\u0151j\u00e9nek varr\u00e1s\u00e1val t\u00f6lt\u00f6tte a napot, nem adott parancsokat, nem gondolt a birodalm\u00e1ra.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote33sym\" name=\"sdfootnote33anc\"><sup>33<\/sup><\/a> B\u0171ntudat gy\u00f6t\u00f6rte, ami\u00e9rt nem tette boldogabb\u00e1 az \u0151 &#8222;Eg\u00e9rk\u00e9j\u00e9t&#8221;, ami\u00e9rt sokszor t\u00fcrelmetlen \u00e9s f\u00e9lt\u00e9keny volt, \u00e9s f\u00e9rje ir\u00e1nti tiszteletb\u0151l m\u00e9g p\u00e9nzt is adott Auersperg hercegn\u00e9nek.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote34sym\" name=\"sdfootnote34anc\"><sup>34<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">F\u00e9rje hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n sz\u00e1mos olyan d\u00f6nt\u00e9st hozott, melynek nem ismerj\u00fck a pontos ok\u00e1t: Ferenc iratait vagy elvitette B\u00e9csb\u0151l, vagy megsemmis\u00edtette<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote35sym\" name=\"sdfootnote35anc\"><sup>35<\/sup><\/a>, valamint enged\u00e9lyezte az \u00f6sszes f\u00e9rje \u00e1ltal nem k\u00edv\u00e1natosnak tartott h\u00e1zass\u00e1got, minek eredm\u00e9nyek\u00e9ppen kedvenc le\u00e1nya, Mimi \u00e9s Albert herceg is egybe kelhetett.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote36sym\" name=\"sdfootnote36anc\"><sup>36<\/sup><\/a> K\u00f6teless\u00e9gtudat\u00e1b\u00f3l er\u0151t mer\u00edtve azonban k\u00e9s\u0151bb \u00fajra elind\u00edtotta azt a bizonyos id\u0151t, \u00e9s a katonai \u00fcgyek kiv\u00e9tel\u00e9vel \u2013 melyeket \u00e1tengedett J\u00f3zsefnek \u2013 minden m\u00e1s \u00fcgyet a kez\u00e9be vett.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote37sym\" name=\"sdfootnote37anc\"><sup>37<\/sup><\/a> A k\u00fcls\u0151 szem\u00e9l\u0151nek tal\u00e1n \u00fagy t\u0171nhetett, hogy az \u00f6zvegy szerep\u00e9t is ugyanolyan er\u0151vel \u00e9s bizonyoss\u00e1ggal v\u00e1llalta mag\u00e1ra, mint az \u00f6sszes t\u00f6bbit, val\u00f3j\u00e1ban azonban ez a szerep f\u00e1jdalommal \u00e9s f\u00e9lelemmel t\u00f6lt\u00f6tte el. A k\u00f6rnyezete azt l\u00e1thatta, hogy 1765 ut\u00e1n csak gy\u00e1szruh\u00e1t hord, nem visel \u00e9kszereket, sminket, de azt csak kevesen, hogy f\u00e9rje hal\u00e1la milyen bels\u0151, l\u00e9lektani v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sokat id\u00e9zett el\u0151.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote38sym\" name=\"sdfootnote38anc\"><sup>38<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 689px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e7\/Mariatheresiaoldfamily.jpg\/689px-Mariatheresiaoldfamily.jpg\" alt=\"File:Mariatheresiaoldfamily.jpg\" width=\"689\" height=\"600\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Az \u00f6zvegy M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia gyermekei k\u00f6r\u00e9ben Heinrich F\u00fcger festm\u00e9ny\u00e9n 1776-ban. Lotaringiai Ferenc hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n a kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 csak gy\u00e1szruh\u00e1t hordott, nem viselt \u00e9kszereket, \u00e9s sminket sem. (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Mariatheresiaoldfamily.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Bar\u00e1tn\u0151j\u00e9nek, Sophie Enzenbergnek novemberben vallotta be, hogy m\u00e1r nem k\u00e9pes semminek sem \u00f6r\u00fclni, hogy \u00fagy \u00e9rzi \u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>m\u00e1r a Nap sem s\u00fct oly f\u00e9nyesen, mint r\u00e9gebben<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote39sym\" name=\"sdfootnote39anc\"><sup>39<\/sup><\/a> Gy\u00e1sza val\u00f3s\u00e1gos pszich\u00f3ziss\u00e1 alakult: kar\u00e1csonykor visszah\u00faz\u00f3dott a s\u00f6t\u00e9t kelm\u00e9vel beburkolt falai k\u00f6z\u00e9, mert minden, amire az \u00f6r\u00f6m \u00e1rny\u00e9ka vet\u00fclt csak felideges\u00edtette, \u00e9s csak a \u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>legs\u00f6t\u00e9tebb<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201d volt kedv\u00e9re.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote40sym\" name=\"sdfootnote40anc\"><sup>40<\/sup><\/a> \u00daj\u00e9vkor pedig, Silva-Tarouca gr\u00f3fhoz \u00edrt levele alapj\u00e1n, \u00e1llapota m\u00e9g rosszabbra fordult: <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><em><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u201e<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Nem ismerek magamra. \u00dagy \u00e9lek, mint valami \u00e1llat, \u00e9rz\u00e9ketlen\u00fcl, but\u00e1n, \u00e9s elfelejtek mindent. [\u2026] M\u00e9g csak nem is gondolkodom<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.\u201d<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"#sdfootnote41sym\" name=\"sdfootnote41anc\"><sup>41<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">1767-ben elkapta a himl\u0151t, ami megt\u00e1madta a szem\u00e9t, \u00e9s j\u00f3l l\u00e1that\u00f3 nyomokat hagyott az arc\u00e1n.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote42sym\" name=\"sdfootnote42anc\"><sup>42<\/sup><\/a> K\u00e9s\u0151bb eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ge rosszabbra fordult: l\u00e9gz\u00e9si neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gei miatt m\u00e1r csak felvon\u00f3 seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel tudta l\u00e1togatni a kapucinusok kript\u00e1j\u00e1t.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote43sym\" name=\"sdfootnote43anc\"><sup>43<\/sup><\/a> Betegs\u00e9ge mellett pedig egyre terhesebb\u00e9 v\u00e1ltak sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra az uralkod\u00f3i teend\u0151k. A helyzetet m\u00e9g az is s\u00falyosb\u00edtotta, hogy id\u0151vel a bar\u00e1tai, tan\u00e1csad\u00f3i is meghaltak, s a hely\u00fckbe l\u00e9p\u0151k ink\u00e1bb a h\u00e1tt\u00e9rbe h\u00faz\u00f3dtak.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote44sym\" name=\"sdfootnote44anc\"><sup>44<\/sup><\/a> <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">1780. november 29-\u00e9n arra k\u00e9rte gyermekeit, hogy menjenek templomba, \u0151 maga visszautas\u00edtotta a St\u00f6ck doktor \u00e1ltal aj\u00e1nlott orvoss\u00e1got mondv\u00e1n, hogy csak feltart\u00f3ztatn\u00e1, \u00e9s gyermekei k\u00f6r\u00e9ben a hever\u0151n fekve v\u00e9gs\u0151 \u00e1lomba szender\u00fclt\u2026<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote45sym\" name=\"sdfootnote45anc\"><sup>45<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia reformjai<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Annak ellen\u00e9re, hogy nem k\u00e9sz\u00edtett\u00e9k fel az uralkod\u00e1sra, s megannyi ter\u00fcleten kellett helyt \u00e1llnia valamennyi szerep\u00e9t kiv\u00e1l\u00f3an bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tte. A kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 \u00f6nbizalm\u00e1t k\u00e9t alapelvb\u0151l mer\u00edtette: a m\u00e9ly vall\u00e1soss\u00e1gb\u00f3l \u00e9s a fenn\u00e1ll\u00f3 rend igazs\u00e1goss\u00e1g\u00e1ba vetett hit\u00e9b\u0151l.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote46sym\" name=\"sdfootnote46anc\"><sup>46<\/sup><\/a> Vall\u00e1soss\u00e1g\u00e1nak f\u00f6lt\u00e9tlen odaad\u00e1s\u00e1t \u2013 az egyh\u00e1zi el\u0151\u00edr\u00e1sok szigor\u00fa betart\u00e1sa, gy\u00f3ntat\u00f3aty\u00e1k \u00fatmutat\u00e1sainak k\u00f6vet\u00e9se \u2013 azonban \u00f6ssze tudta egyeztetni a racionalit\u00e1ssal \u2013 egyh\u00e1z t\u00e1voltart\u00e1sa a politik\u00e1t\u00f3l, jezsuita rend vagyon\u00e1nak kisaj\u00e1t\u00edt\u00e1sa, egyh\u00e1zi j\u00f6vedelmek R\u00f3m\u00e1ba vitel\u00e9nek korl\u00e1toz\u00e1sa \u2013 \u00edgy katolikus uralkod\u00f3k\u00e9nt jelent\u0151s politikai sikereket tudott el\u00e9rni.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote47sym\" name=\"sdfootnote47anc\"><sup>47<\/sup><\/a> A vall\u00e1sos meggy\u0151z\u0151d\u00e9s \u00e9s az uralkod\u00f3i elhivatotts\u00e1g \u00f6szt\u00f6n\u00f6zte arra, hogy minden alattval\u00f3j\u00e1r\u00f3l gondoskodjon, hogy minden nemzet\u00e9nek anyja legyen.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote48sym\" name=\"sdfootnote48anc\"><sup>48<\/sup><\/a> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Reformjai sz\u00e9lesk\u00f6r\u0171ek voltak, de a felvil\u00e1gosod\u00e1s elveit csak m\u00e9rt\u00e9kletesen tartalmazt\u00e1k. M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia els\u0151 k\u00f6rben a p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi helyzetet stabiliz\u00e1lta Haugwitz gr\u00f3f k\u00f6zrem\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s\u00e9vel, majd \u00e1tfog\u00f3 reform al\u00e1 vette a k\u00f6zigazgat\u00e1st \u00e9s az ad\u00f3\u00fcgyet.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote49sym\" name=\"sdfootnote49anc\"><sup>49<\/sup><\/a> K\u00e9s\u0151bb pedig rendeletek eg\u00e9sz sor\u00e1t hozta az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgy, az oktat\u00e1s, \u00e9s a paraszts\u00e1g helyzet\u00e9nek jav\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote50sym\" name=\"sdfootnote50anc\"><sup>50<\/sup><\/a> Ezek k\u00f6z\u00fcl kiemeln\u00e9m az 1767-es \u00farb\u00e9ri rendeletet, az 1777-es tan\u00fcgyi rendeletet, valamint az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00fcgy ter\u00fclet\u00e9n hozott el\u0151remutat\u00f3 int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket: az \u00e1llam minden v\u00e1ros sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra k\u00f6telez\u0151v\u00e9 tette a diplom\u00e1s orvos foglalkoztat\u00e1s\u00e1t.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote51sym\" name=\"sdfootnote51anc\"><sup>51<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia reformjai az \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9s\u00fcgyre is kiterjedtek. \u00c1tszervezte az Udvari \u00c9p\u00edt\u00e9si Hivatalt, az \u00e9p\u00edtkez\u00e9sek p\u00e9nz\u00fcgyi ellen\u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9t, \u00e9s d\u00f6nt\u00e9shozatali proced\u00far\u00e1t is, m\u00e9ghozz\u00e1 olyan m\u00f3don, hogy a fontosabb d\u00f6nt\u00e9seket \u0151 maga hozhassa meg.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote52sym\" name=\"sdfootnote52anc\"><sup>52<\/sup><\/a> A kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 els\u0151 nagyszab\u00e1s\u00fa \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szeti megb\u00edz\u00e1sa a <a href=\"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/2017\/04\/01\/17-foto-a-varoskep-atalakulasarol-hogyan-lett-pozsonybol-bratislava\/\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">pozsonyi<\/span><\/a> v\u00e1r \u00e1t\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se volt, melynek munk\u00e1latai Nikolaus Paccassi cs\u00e1sz\u00e1ri f\u0151\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9sz barokk-rokok\u00f3 st\u00edlust \u00f6tv\u00f6z\u0151 tervei alapj\u00e1n 1761-ben kezd\u0151dtek.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote53sym\" name=\"sdfootnote53anc\"><sup>53<\/sup><\/a> A legnagyobb \u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9szeti v\u00e1llalkoz\u00e1st a budai kir\u00e1lyi palota fel\u00e9p\u00edt\u00e9se jelentette. A palota munk\u00e1latai m\u00e9g a francia klassziciz\u00e1l\u00e1s szellem\u00e9ben indultak, de Paccassi \u00e9s F. A. Hillebrandt r\u00e9v\u00e9n a rokok\u00f3 fel\u00e9 vett\u00e9k az ir\u00e1nyt.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote54sym\" name=\"sdfootnote54anc\"><sup>54<\/sup><\/a> A kir\u00e1lyn\u0151 a rendek nagy b\u00e1nat\u00e1ra a nem tette \u00e1t udvartart\u00e1s\u00e1t a budai palot\u00e1ba, de a Szent Jobb \u0151rz\u00e9s\u00e9t a palot\u00e1ra b\u00edzta, a Ratio Educationis-szal pedig \u00fajabb szerepet adott az \u00e9p\u00fcletnek.<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote55sym\" name=\"sdfootnote55anc\"><sup>55<\/sup><\/a> Elrendelte, ugyanis, hogy az 1635 \u00f3ta m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 nagyszombati egyetemet helyezz\u00e9k \u00e1t a kir\u00e1lyi palot\u00e1ba<a class=\"sdfootnoteanc\" href=\"#sdfootnote56sym\" name=\"sdfootnote56anc\"><sup>56<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<figure style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/c8\/Kaisergruft_2286201074_fdea9c4cfa_b.jpg\/450px-Kaisergruft_2286201074_fdea9c4cfa_b.jpg\" alt=\"File:Kaisergruft 2286201074 fdea9c4cfa b.jpg\" width=\"450\" height=\"600\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9s Lotharingiai Ferenc s\u00edrja a b\u00e9csi Cs\u00e1sz\u00e1ri Kript\u00e1ban (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Kaisergruft_2286201074_fdea9c4cfa_b.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00d6sszefoglal\u00e1s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia rendk\u00edv\u00fcli uralkod\u00f3 volt. Mind\u00f6ssze huszonh\u00e1rom \u00e9vesen be kellett bizony\u00edtania mindenkinek \u2013 a b\u00e9csi udvarnak, a magyar nemeseknek, a szomsz\u00e9dos orsz\u00e1gok kir\u00e1lyainak, \u00e9s legf\u0151k\u00e9pp saj\u00e1t mag\u00e1nak \u2013, hogy a hi\u00e1nyos neveltet\u00e9se ellen\u00e9re, igenis k\u00e9pes apja \u00f6r\u00f6k\u00e9be l\u00e9pni, \u00e9s igenis teljes\u00edteni tudja az egyik pillanatr\u00f3l a m\u00e1sikra r\u00e1szakadt uralkod\u00f3i feladatokat, \u00e9s pontosan ezt is tette. M\u00e9g t\u00f6bbet is. Nem csak arr\u00f3l van sz\u00f3, hogy bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tte az uralkod\u00f3i szerepet, melyre soha nem k\u00e9sz\u00edtett\u00e9k fel, hanem arr\u00f3l is, hogy ezt a szerepet hogyan form\u00e1lta, \u00e9s mi mindent \u00e9rt el vele. \u00d6sszegz\u00e9sk\u00e9ppen tekints\u00fck \u00e1t \u00e9let\u00fatj\u00e1nak fontos m\u00e9rf\u00f6ldk\u00f6veit!<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Annak ellen\u00e9re, hogy III. K\u00e1roly m\u00e1r 1724-t\u0151l tudta, legid\u0151sebb l\u00e1ny\u00e1ra fogja hagyni birodalm\u00e1t, engedte, hogy M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia megtapasztalhassa a gondtalan gyermekkor csod\u00e1it. Gyermekk\u00e9nt n\u0151hetett fel a b\u00e9csi palot\u00e1ban: nem terhelt\u00e9k az \u00e1llam\u00fcgyekkel, \u00e9s arisztokrata h\u00f6lgyekhez hasonl\u00f3 neveltet\u00e9st kapott. Mindennek azonban \u00e1rnyoldala is volt: nem k\u00e9sz\u00edtett\u00e9k fel az uralkod\u00e1sra. Tr\u00f3nra l\u00e9p\u00e9se ut\u00e1n azonban t\u00e1maszkodhatott h\u0171s\u00e9ges tan\u00e1csad\u00f3j\u00e1ra, egykori nevel\u0151j\u00e9re, Karoline Fuchs gr\u00f3fn\u00e9re, \u00e9s szeretett f\u00e9rj\u00e9re, Lotaringiai Ferencre is.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia egyszerre volt Landesmutter, n\u00e9pei anyja, \u00e9s gyermekeinek \u00e9desanyja is. Ez tal\u00e1n b\u00e1rki m\u00e1sn\u00e1l szerepkonfliktushoz vezetett volna, M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia azonban \u00f6ssze tudta egyeztetni a k\u00e9t l\u00e1tsz\u00f3lag \u00f6sszef\u00e9rhetetlen szerepet. Az uralkod\u00f3i terhek ellen\u00e9re a legfontosabb kih\u00edv\u00e1st gyermekeinek megfelel\u0151 nevel\u00e9s\u00e9ben l\u00e1tta. Gondos \u00e9desanya volt, aki \u00e1polta gyermekeit, ha betegek voltak, \u00e9s aki pontos ir\u00e1nyelveket adott a nevel\u0151iknek. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia f\u00e9rje hal\u00e1la ut\u00e1n sz\u00e1m\u0171zte \u00e9let\u00e9b\u0151l a f\u00e9nyt. A Napf\u00e9nyt \u00e9s a boldogs\u00e1g l\u00e1mp\u00e1s\u00e1t egyar\u00e1nt. Eg\u00e9rke elveszt\u00e9se miatt \u00e9rzett gy\u00e1sza val\u00f3s\u00e1gos pszich\u00f3ziss\u00e1 alakult: \u00fagy \u00e9rezte, m\u00e1r semmi sem tud mosolyt csalni az arc\u00e1ra. Feles\u00e9gk\u00e9nt, anyak\u00e9nt meg\u00e1ll\u00edtotta az id\u0151t, \u00e9s gy\u00e1szolt, de uralkod\u00f3k\u00e9nt szembe kellett n\u00e9znie azzal a t\u00e9nnyel, hogy az id\u0151 bizony tovarep\u00fcl egyik napr\u00f3l a m\u00e1sikra, egyik \u00e9vr\u0151l a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151re. A k\u00f6teless\u00e9gtudat volt az, ami kiz\u00f6kkentette depresszi\u00f3j\u00e1b\u00f3l, ami miatt csak a katonai \u00fcgyek int\u00e9z\u00e9s\u00e9t engedte \u00e1t fi\u00e1nak, a k\u00e9s\u0151bbi II. J\u00f3zsefnek. \u00cdgy 1780-ban bek\u00f6vetkezett hal\u00e1l\u00e1ig minden hatalmi sz\u00e1l az \u0151 kez\u00e9ben \u00f6sszpontosult. M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia a r\u00e1h\u00e1rult szerepeket kiv\u00e1l\u00f3an bet\u00f6lt\u00f6tte, hiszen sz\u00e1mos sz\u00e9lesk\u00f6r\u0171 reformot vezetett be, \u00e9s biztos\u00edtotta azt, hogy gyermekei ne n\u00e9zzenek szembe ugyanazokkal a neh\u00e9zs\u00e9gekkel, mint \u0151.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><div class='code-block code-block-3' style='margin: 8px auto; text-align: center; display: block; clear: both;'>\n<script async src=\"\/\/pagead2.googlesyndication.com\/pagead\/js\/adsbygoogle.js\"><\/script>\r\n<!-- baszad\u00e9k -->\r\n<ins class=\"adsbygoogle\"\r\n     style=\"display:inline-block;width:336px;height:280px\"\r\n     data-ad-client=\"ca-pub-7971303320192828\"\r\n     data-ad-slot=\"7992097991\"><\/ins>\r\n<script>\r\n(adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});\r\n<\/script><\/div>\n<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Az NTF T\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u00e9sz M\u0171hely ingyenesen teszi mindenki sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra el\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9 tudom\u00e1nyos eredm\u00e9nyeit, ingyenesen bocs\u00e1tja rendelkez\u00e9sre ismeretterjeszt\u0151 cikkeit. A szerkeszt\u00e9s, t\u00f6rdel\u00e9s \u00e9s a honlap fenntart\u00e1sa azonban nek\u00fcnk is p\u00e9nzbe ker\u00fcl, k\u00e9rj\u00fck, adom\u00e1ny\u00e1val t\u00e1mogassa \u00fcgy\u00fcnket, hogy a j\u00f6v\u0151ben is el\u00e9rhet\u0151v\u00e9 tegy\u00fck cikkeinket olvas\u00f3ink sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra. Sz\u00edves t\u00e1mogat\u00e1sukat <span style=\"color: #800000;\"><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/ntf_hu\">Patreon<\/a><\/span><\/strong> <strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><a style=\"color: #800000;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.patreon.com\/ntf_hu\">oldalunkon (link)\u00a0<\/a><\/span>v\u00e1rjuk.<\/strong><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p align=\"justify\"><strong>Felhaszn\u00e1lt forr\u00e1sok \u00e9s szakirodalom:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a name=\"_Toc28615498\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc28621150\"><\/a> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Forr\u00e1s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia levelei In: Etzlstorfer, Hannes: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia a gyermekszob\u00e1ban<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Egy cs\u00e1sz\u00e1rn\u0151 mag\u00e1n\u00e9lete.<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> Budapest, Gabo, 2011.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"_GoBack\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc28615499\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc28621151\"><\/a> <span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Szakirodalom<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ifj. Barta <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">J\u00e1nos: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>A meg nem \u00e9rtett kir\u00e1lyn\u0151<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Budapest, Szenczi Moln\u00e1r T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g, 1994.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Ifj. Barta <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">J\u00e1nos: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9s II. J\u00f3zsef. Csal\u00e1d \u00e9s politika szerepe kapcsolatukban. In: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia, a magyarok kir\u00e1lyn\u0151je<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Szerk..: Ger\u0151 Andr\u00e1s \u00e9s Nagy Beatrix. Budapest, Habsburg T\u00f6rt\u00e9neti Int\u00e9zet \u2013 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/moly.hu\/kiadok\/kozep-es-kelet-europai-tortenelem-es-tarsadalom-kutatasaert-kozalapitvany\"><span style=\"color: #00000a;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">K\u00f6z\u00e9p- \u00e9s Kelet-eur\u00f3pai T\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem \u00e9s T\u00e1rsadalom Kutat\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt K\u00f6zalap\u00edtv\u00e1ny<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, 2018. 13-40.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Crankshaw<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, Edward: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Maria Theresa<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Bungay, Longman, 1970.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Etzlstorfer<\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, Hannes: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia a gyermekszob\u00e1ban<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Egy cs\u00e1sz\u00e1rn\u0151 mag\u00e1n\u00e9lete.<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> Budapest, Gabo, 2011.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Kel\u00e9nyi <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Gy\u00f6rgy: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9s a m\u0171v\u00e9szet. In: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia, a magyarok kir\u00e1lyn\u0151je<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Szerk..: Ger\u0151 Andr\u00e1s \u00e9s Nagy Beatrix. Budapest, Habsburg T\u00f6rt\u00e9neti Int\u00e9zet \u2013 <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/moly.hu\/kiadok\/kozep-es-kelet-europai-tortenelem-es-tarsadalom-kutatasaert-kozalapitvany\"><span style=\"color: #00000a;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">K\u00f6z\u00e9p- \u00e9s Kelet-eur\u00f3pai T\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem \u00e9s T\u00e1rsadalom Kutat\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt K\u00f6zalap\u00edtv\u00e1ny<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, 2018. 41-72.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Marczali <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Henrik: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia 1717-1780<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Budapest, Magyar T\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi T\u00e1rsulat, 1891. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Marczali <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Henrik: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Magyarorsz\u00e1g t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete II. J\u00f3zsef kor\u00e1ban<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. I. k\u00f6tet. 1895. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Niederhauser, <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Emil: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia. In: Kamenszkij Alexander &#8211; NiederHauser Emil: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Nagy Katalin- M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Budapest, Pannonica, 2000. 7-148.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Vajn\u00e1gi <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">M\u00e1rta: Csak egy f\u00e9rj? Lotaringiai Ferenc politikai szerep\u00e9hez. In: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia, a magyarok kir\u00e1lyn\u0151je<\/i><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">. Szerk.: Ger\u0151 Andr\u00e1s \u00e9s Nagy Beatrix. Budapest, Habsburg T\u00f6rt\u00e9neti Int\u00e9zet \u2013<\/span><\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/moly.hu\/kiadok\/kozep-es-kelet-europai-tortenelem-es-tarsadalom-kutatasaert-kozalapitvany\"><span style=\"color: #00000a;\"><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">K\u00f6z\u00e9p- \u00e9s Kelet-eur\u00f3pai T\u00f6rt\u00e9nelem \u00e9s T\u00e1rsadalom Kutat\u00e1s\u00e1\u00e9rt K\u00f6zalap\u00edtv\u00e1ny<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">, 2018. 219-247.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">A nyit\u00f3k\u00e9pen M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia csal\u00e1dja k\u00f6r\u00e9ben <\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Martin van Meytens festm\u00e9ny\u00e9n 1754-ben (<a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Maria_Theresia_Familie.jpg\"><span style=\"color: #800000;\">Wikimedia Commons<\/span><\/a>)<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Jegyzetek:<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote1\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" name=\"sdfootnote1sym\">1<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Etzlstorfer: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia a gyermekszob\u00e1ban. 16.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote2\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote2anc\" name=\"sdfootnote2sym\">2<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Ifj. Barta: A meg nem \u00e9rtett kir\u00e1lyn\u0151. 13.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote3\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote3anc\" name=\"sdfootnote3sym\">3<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Niederhauser: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia. 8. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote4\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote4anc\" name=\"sdfootnote4sym\">4<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Ifj. Barta: A meg nem \u00e9rtett kir\u00e1lyn\u0151. 14-15. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote5\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote5anc\" name=\"sdfootnote5sym\">5<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Niederhauser: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia. 89.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote6\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote6anc\" name=\"sdfootnote6sym\">6<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Ifj. Barta: A meg nem \u00e9rtett kir\u00e1lyn\u0151. 40.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote7\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote7anc\" name=\"sdfootnote7sym\">7<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 41.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote8\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote8anc\" name=\"sdfootnote8sym\">8<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 40.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote9\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote9anc\" name=\"sdfootnote9sym\">9<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Etzlstorfer: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia a gyermekszob\u00e1ban. 75-76.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote10\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote10anc\" name=\"sdfootnote10sym\">10<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Uo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote11\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote11anc\" name=\"sdfootnote11sym\">11<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Vajn\u00e1gi: Csak egy f\u00e9rj? Lotaringiai Ferenc politikai szerep\u00e9hez. 222.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote12\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote12anc\" name=\"sdfootnote12sym\">12<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Etzlstorfer: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia a gyermekszob\u00e1ban. 16.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote13\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote13anc\" name=\"sdfootnote13sym\">13<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Ifj. Barta: A meg nem \u00e9rtett kir\u00e1lyn\u0151. 15.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote14\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote14anc\" name=\"sdfootnote14sym\">14<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Vajn\u00e1gi: Csak egy f\u00e9rj? Lotaringiai Ferenc politikai szerep\u00e9hez. 219.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote15\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote15anc\" name=\"sdfootnote15sym\">15<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 237.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote16\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote16anc\" name=\"sdfootnote16sym\">16<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Etzlstorfer: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia a gyermekszob\u00e1ban. 121.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote17\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote17anc\" name=\"sdfootnote17sym\">17<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Marczali: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia 1717-1780. 215.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote18\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote18anc\" name=\"sdfootnote18sym\">18<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia levele Miksa Ferenchez 1774-ben. Id\u00e9zi: Etzlstorfer. 111.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote19\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote19anc\" name=\"sdfootnote19sym\">19<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Marczali: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia 1717-1780. 172.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote20\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote20anc\" name=\"sdfootnote20sym\">20<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151.193.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote21\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote21anc\" name=\"sdfootnote21sym\">21<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia levele, melyet Maria Walburga Lerchenfeld gr\u00f3fn\u0151nek \u00edrt 1756-ban. Id\u00e9zi: Etzlstorfer. 30.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote22\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote22anc\" name=\"sdfootnote22sym\">22<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> R\u00e9szlet ugyanabb\u00f3l a lev\u00e9lb\u0151l. Id\u00e9zi: Etzlstorfer. 154. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote23\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote23anc\" name=\"sdfootnote23sym\">23<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> R\u00e9szlet ugyanabb\u00f3l a lev\u00e9lb\u0151l. Id\u00e9zi: Etzlstorfer. 220. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote24\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote24anc\" name=\"sdfootnote24sym\">24<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia levele, melyet Maria Walburga Lerchenfeld gr\u00f3fn\u0151nek \u00edrt 1763-ban. Id\u00e9zi: Etzlstorfer. 127.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote25\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote25anc\" name=\"sdfootnote25sym\">25<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Etzlstorfer: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia a gyermekszob\u00e1ban. 83.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote26\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote26anc\" name=\"sdfootnote26sym\">26<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Ifj. Barta: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9s II. J\u00f3zsef. Csal\u00e1d \u00e9s politika szerepe kapcsolatukban 22.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote27\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote27anc\" name=\"sdfootnote27sym\">27<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 17.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote28\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote28anc\" name=\"sdfootnote28sym\">28<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Marczali: Magyarorsz\u00e1g t\u00f6rt\u00e9nete II. J\u00f3zsef kor\u00e1ban. 372-373.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote29\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote29anc\" name=\"sdfootnote29sym\">29<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Marczali: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia 1717-1780. 322.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote30\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote30anc\" name=\"sdfootnote30sym\">30<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> R\u00e9szlet M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia Marie Antoinettehez \u00edrt level\u00e9b\u0151l 1778-ban. Id\u00e9zi: Etzlstorfer.66.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote31\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote31anc\" name=\"sdfootnote31sym\">31<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Etzlstorfer: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia. 71.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote32\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote32anc\" name=\"sdfootnote32sym\">32<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151: 237-238.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote33\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote33anc\" name=\"sdfootnote33sym\">33<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Crankshaw: Maria Theresa. 267.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote34\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote34anc\" name=\"sdfootnote34sym\">34<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Uo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote35\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote35anc\" name=\"sdfootnote35sym\">35<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Vajn\u00e1gi: Csak egy f\u00e9rj? Lotaringiai Ferenc politikai szerep\u00e9hez. 223-224.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote36\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote36anc\" name=\"sdfootnote36sym\">36<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 239.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote37\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote37anc\" name=\"sdfootnote37sym\">37<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Niederhauser: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia. 102.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote38\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote38anc\" name=\"sdfootnote38sym\">38<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Crankshaw: Maria Theresa. 267.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote39\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote39anc\" name=\"sdfootnote39sym\">39<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> R\u00e9szlet M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia Sophie Enzenberghez \u00edrt level\u00e9b\u0151l, 1765 novembere. Id\u00e9zi: Etzlstorfer. 241.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote40\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote40anc\" name=\"sdfootnote40sym\">40<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> R\u00e9szlet M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia Sophie Enzenberghez \u00edrt level\u00e9b\u0151l, 1765 kar\u00e1csony m\u00e1snapja. Id\u00e9zi: Etzlstorfer. 241.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote41\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote41anc\" name=\"sdfootnote41sym\">41<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> R\u00e9szlet M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia Silva-Tarouca gr\u00f3fhoz \u00edrt level\u00e9b\u0151l, 1765 \u00faj\u00e9vekor. Id\u00e9zi: Etzlstorfer. 29.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote42\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote42anc\" name=\"sdfootnote42sym\">42<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Etzlstorfer: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia a gyermekszob\u00e1ban. 229.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote43\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote43anc\" name=\"sdfootnote43sym\">43<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 231.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote44\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote44anc\" name=\"sdfootnote44sym\">44<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 217.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote45\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote45anc\" name=\"sdfootnote45sym\">45<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 266.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote46\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote46anc\" name=\"sdfootnote46sym\">46<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Ifj. Barta: A meg nem \u00e9rtett kir\u00e1lyn\u0151. 61.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote47\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote47anc\" name=\"sdfootnote47sym\">47<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 61-62.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote48\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote48anc\" name=\"sdfootnote48sym\">48<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 64.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote49\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote49anc\" name=\"sdfootnote49sym\">49<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 64-65.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote50\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote50anc\" name=\"sdfootnote50sym\">50<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Uo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote51\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote51anc\" name=\"sdfootnote51sym\">51<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 83-84.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote52\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote52anc\" name=\"sdfootnote52sym\">52<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> Kel\u00e9nyi: M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia \u00e9s a m\u0171v\u00e9szet. 50.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote53\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote53anc\" name=\"sdfootnote53sym\">53<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 43-44.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote54\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote54anc\" name=\"sdfootnote54sym\">54<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 48.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote55\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote55anc\" name=\"sdfootnote55sym\">55<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 49.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"sdfootnote56\">\n<p><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><a class=\"sdfootnotesym\" href=\"#sdfootnote56anc\" name=\"sdfootnote56sym\">56<\/a><sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\">\u0002<\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Times New Roman, serif;\"> U\u0151. 50.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c9bner Zsuzsa Ha a rendelkez\u00e9s\u00fcnkre \u00e1ll\u00f3 levelek, festm\u00e9nyek, szakirodalom alapj\u00e1n megpr\u00f3b\u00e1ljuk bej\u00e1rni azt az utat, amelyet M\u00e1ria Ter\u00e9zia tett meg 1717 \u00e9s 1780 k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, akkor azt tapasztalhatjuk, hogy egy kih\u00edv\u00e1sokkal teli, p\u00e1ratlan \u00e9let\u00fat bontakozik ki el\u0151tt\u00fcnk. Utaz\u00e1sunk elej\u00e9n egy bab\u00e1j\u00e1t szorongat\u00f3 kisl\u00e1nnyal tal\u00e1lkozhatunk, aki kacagva rohan v\u00e9gig a b\u00e9csi palota folyos\u00f3in, s mire hossz\u00fa \u00e9vek ut\u00e1n utol\u00e9rj\u00fck, m\u00e1r a kertben \u00fcld\u00f6g\u00e9l \u00e9s ujjai egy lotaringiai hercegt\u0151l kapott lev\u00e9l k\u00f6r\u00e9 fon\u00f3dnak\u2026 L\u00e1tjuk, ahogy feles\u00e9gg\u00e9, majd \u00e9desany\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lik, 1740-ben pedig kir\u00e1lyn\u0151v\u00e9. Ott vagyunk mellette, amikor fegyverrel k\u00e9nyszer\u00fcl megv\u00e9deni \u00f6r\u00f6ks\u00e9g\u00e9t, \u00e9s akkor is,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13839,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1556,1535,323,1553,1554,1555],"class_list":["post-13838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-egyeb","tag-abszolutizmus","tag-dinasztia","tag-habsburg","tag-maria-terezia","tag-nemet-romai-csaszarsag","tag-xviii-szazad"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13838"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13934,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13838\/revisions\/13934"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13839"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ntf.hu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}